Horzmann Katharine A, Freeman Jennifer L
School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
Toxics. 2016 Sep;4(3). doi: 10.3390/toxics4030019. Epub 2016 Aug 27.
Neurotransmission is the basis of neuronal communication and is critical for normal brain development, behavior, learning, and memory. Exposure to drugs and chemicals can alter neurotransmission, often through unknown pathways and mechanisms. The zebrafish () model system is increasingly being used to study the brain and chemical neurotoxicity. In this review, the major neurotransmitter systems, including glutamate, GABA, dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, acetylcholine, histamine, and glutamate are surveyed and pathways of synthesis, transport, metabolism, and action are examined. Differences between human and zebrafish neurochemical pathways are highlighted. We also review techniques for evaluating neurological function, including the measurement of neurotransmitter levels, assessment of gene expression through transcriptomic analysis, and the recording of neurobehavior. Finally examples of chemical toxicity studies evaluating alterations in neurotransmitter systems in the zebrafish model are reviewed.
神经传递是神经元通讯的基础，对正常的大脑发育、行为、学习和记忆至关重要。接触药物和化学物质往往会通过未知途径和机制改变神经传递。斑马鱼模型系统越来越多地用于研究大脑和化学神经毒性。在本综述中，我们调查了主要的神经递质系统，包括谷氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸、多巴胺、去甲肾上腺素、5-羟色胺、乙酰胆碱、组胺和谷氨酸，并研究了其合成、转运、代谢和作用途径。突出了人类和斑马鱼神经化学途径的差异。我们还综述了评估神经功能的技术，包括神经递质水平的测量、通过转录组分析评估基因表达以及神经行为的记录。最后，回顾了评估斑马鱼模型中神经递质系统变化的化学毒性研究实例。
