Miller Benjamin L, Arntzen Evan V, Goldman Amy E, Richmond Marshall C
Ecology Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 48109, USA.
Environ Manage. 2017 Oct;60(4):615-629. doi: 10.1007/s00267-017-0909-1. Epub 2017 Jul 21.
The United States is home to 2198 dams actively used for hydropower production. With the December 2015 consensus adoption of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Paris Agreement, it is important to accurately quantify anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Methane ebullition, or methane bubbles originating from river or lake sediments, has been shown to account for nearly all methane emissions from tropical hydropower reservoirs to the atmosphere. However, distinct ebullitive methane fluxes have been studied in comparatively few temperate hydropower reservoirs globally. This study measures ebullitive and diffusive methane fluxes from two eastern Washington reservoirs, and synthesizes existing studies of methane ebullition in temperate, boreal, and tropical hydropower reservoirs. Ebullition comprises nearly all methane emissions (>97%) from this study's two eastern Washington hydropower reservoirs to the atmosphere. Summer methane ebullition from these reservoirs was higher than ebullition in six southeastern U.S. hydropower reservoirs, however it was similar to temperate reservoirs in other parts of the world. Our literature synthesis suggests that methane ebullition from temperate hydropower reservoirs can be seasonally elevated compared to tropical climates, however annual emissions are likely to be higher within tropical climates, emphasizing the possible range of methane ebullition fluxes and the need for the further study of temperate reservoirs. Possible future changes to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and UNFCCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories highlights the need for accurate assessment of reservoir emissions.
美国有2198座水坝被积极用于水电生产。随着2015年12月联合国气候变化框架公约《巴黎协定》的协商一致通过，准确量化人为温室气体排放非常重要。甲烷冒泡，即源自河流或湖泊沉积物的甲烷气泡，已被证明几乎占热带水电水库向大气排放的所有甲烷。然而，全球范围内对温带水电水库中不同的冒泡甲烷通量的研究相对较少。本研究测量了华盛顿州东部两座水库的冒泡和扩散甲烷通量，并综合了对温带、寒带和热带水电水库中甲烷冒泡的现有研究。冒泡几乎占了本研究中华盛顿州东部两座水电水库向大气排放的所有甲烷（>97%）。这些水库夏季的甲烷冒泡高于美国东南部六座水电水库的冒泡，但与世界其他地区的温带水库相似。我们的文献综述表明，与热带气候相比，温带水电水库的甲烷冒泡可能会季节性升高，然而热带气候下的年排放量可能更高，这强调了甲烷冒泡通量的可能范围以及对温带水库进行进一步研究的必要性。政府间气候变化专门委员会和《联合国气候变化框架公约》国家温室气体清单指南未来可能的变化凸显了准确评估水库排放的必要性。
