Tavakol Mitra, Arjmandi Reza, Shayeghi Mansoureh, Monavari Seyed Masoud, Karbassi Abdolreza
Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Environment and Energy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran.
Environ Monit Assess. 2017 Aug;189(8):410. doi: 10.1007/s10661-017-6125-x. Epub 2017 Jul 22.
Water quality management plans are an indispensable strategy for conservation and utilization of water resources in a sustainable manner. One common industrial use of water is aquaculture. The present study is an attempt to use statistical analyses in order to prepare an environmental water quality monitoring program for Haraz River, in Northern Iran. For this purpose, the analysis of a total number of 18 physicochemical parameters was performed at 15 stations during a 1-year sampling period. According to the results of the multivariate statistical methods, the optimal monitoring would be possible by only 3 stations and 12 parameters, including NH, EC, BOD, TSS, DO, PO, NO, TDS, temperature, turbidity, coliform, and discharge. In other words, newly designed network, with a total number of 36 measurements (3 stations × 12 parameters = 36 parameters), could achieve exactly the same performance as the former network, designed based on 234 measurements (13 stations × 18 parameters = 234 parameters). Based on the results of cluster, principal component, and factor analyses, the stations were divided into three groups of high pollution (HP), medium pollution (MP), and low pollution (LP). By clustering the stations, it would be possible to track the water quality of Haraz River, only by one station at each cluster, which facilitates rapid assessment of the water quality in the river basin. Emphasizing on three main axes of monitoring program, including measurement parameters, sampling frequency, and spatial pattern of sampling points, the water quality monitoring program was optimized for the river basin based on natural conditions of the study area, monitoring objectives, and required financial resources (a total annual cost of about US $2625, excluding the overhead costs).
水质管理计划是以可持续方式保护和利用水资源的一项不可或缺的策略。水的一种常见工业用途是水产养殖。本研究试图运用统计分析方法，为伊朗北部的哈腊兹河编制一份环境水质监测方案。为此，在为期1年的采样期内，于15个站点对总共18项理化参数进行了分析。根据多元统计方法的结果，仅通过3个站点和12项参数（包括氨氮、电导率、生化需氧量、总悬浮固体、溶解氧、磷酸盐、硝酸盐、总溶解固体、温度、浊度、大肠菌群和流量）就能实现最优监测。换言之，新设计的监测网络总共进行36次测量（3个站点×12项参数 = 36项参数），却能达到与原监测网络完全相同的性能，原监测网络是基于234次测量设计的（13个站点×18项参数 = 234项参数）。基于聚类分析、主成分分析和因子分析的结果，这些站点被分为高污染（HP）、中污染（MP）和低污染（LP）三组。通过对站点进行聚类，仅在每个聚类中的一个站点进行监测就能追踪哈腊兹河的水质，这便于快速评估流域内的水质。在强调监测方案的三个主要方面（包括测量参数、采样频率和采样点的空间格局）的基础上，根据研究区域的自然条件、监测目标和所需财政资源（每年总成本约2625美元，不包括间接费用），对该流域的水质监测方案进行了优化。
