Rotrosen Elizabeth T, Neuzil Kathleen M
Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Room 480, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Room 480, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
Pediatr Clin North Am. 2017 Aug;64(4):911-936. doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2017.03.007.
Influenza is a common respiratory illness in children and accounts for substantial morbidity and mortality on an annual basis. Inactivated and live influenza vaccines are approved for children and are safe and efficacious. The absolute effectiveness of vaccines varies by year and is influenced by several factors. The reason for recent reduced performance of live-attenuated influenza vaccines is poorly understood, and active research is ongoing. Vaccination programs are less common in tropical and subtropical countries, where unique logistical and feasibility challenges exist. Antiviral medications for prevention and treatment of influenza in children are an important adjunct to vaccines.
流感是儿童常见的呼吸道疾病，每年导致大量发病和死亡。灭活流感疫苗和减毒活流感疫苗已获批准用于儿童，且安全有效。疫苗的绝对有效性每年有所不同，并受多种因素影响。减毒活流感疫苗近期效力降低的原因尚不清楚，相关研究正在积极开展。在存在独特后勤和可行性挑战的热带和亚热带国家，疫苗接种计划不太常见。用于预防和治疗儿童流感的抗病毒药物是疫苗的重要辅助手段。
