Donowitz M, Wicks J, Sharp G W
Rev Infect Dis. 1986 May-Jun;8 Suppl 2:S188-201. doi: 10.1093/clinids/8.supplement_2.s188.
The gastrointestinal tract is involved in both absorption and secretion of electrolytes and water, with absorption as the predominant process. In diarrheal diseases this balance is disturbed, and the result is net secretion. Most of the drugs used for the treatment of diarrhea at least partially act by stimulating absorption only, both stimulating absorption and inhibiting secretion, or inhibiting secretion only. The therapeutic usefulness of an antidiarrheal agent depends on how efficiently it alters secretion and/or absorption and on how few systemic adverse reactions it causes. When more information on the regulation of absorption and secretion has been accumulated, it may be possible to develop new drugs that can be aimed directly at these processes.
胃肠道参与电解质和水的吸收与分泌，其中吸收是主要过程。在腹泻性疾病中，这种平衡被打破，结果是净分泌。大多数用于治疗腹泻的药物至少部分仅通过刺激吸收、既刺激吸收又抑制分泌或仅抑制分泌来发挥作用。止泻药的治疗效果取决于其改变分泌和/或吸收的效率以及所引起的全身不良反应的多少。当积累了更多关于吸收和分泌调节的信息时，有可能开发出可直接针对这些过程的新药。
