Talaeipour M, Nouri J, Hassani A H, Mahvi A H
Department of Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of the Environment and Energy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
J Environ Health Sci Eng. 2017 Jul 21;15:18. doi: 10.1186/s40201-017-0279-x. eCollection 2017.
As an appropriate tool, membrane process is used for desalination of brackish water, in the production of drinking water. The present study aims to investigate desalination processes of brackish water of Qom Province in Iran.
This study was carried out at the central laboratory of Water and Wastewater Company of the studied area. To this aim, membrane processes, including nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO), separately and also their hybrid process were applied. Moreover, water physical and chemical parameters, including salinity, total dissolved solids (TDS), electric conductivity (EC), Na and Cl were also measured. Afterward, the rejection percent of each parameter was investigated and compared using nanofiltration and reverse osmosis separately and also by their hybrid process. The treatment process was performed by Luna domestic desalination device, which its membrane was replaced by two NF90 and TW30 membranes for nanofiltration and reverse osmosis processes, respectively. All collected brackish water samples were fed through membranes NF90-2540, TW30-1821-100(RO) and Hybrid (NF/RO) which were installed on desalination household scale pilot (Luna water 100GPD). Then, to study the effects of pressure on permeable quality of membranes, the simulation software model ROSA was applied.
Results showed that percent of the salinity rejection was recorded as 50.21%; 72.82 and 78.56% in NF, RO and hybrid processes, respectively. During the study, in order to simulate the performance of nanofiltartion, reverse osmosis and hybrid by pressure drive, reverse osmosis system analysis (ROSA) model was applied. The experiments were conducted at performance three methods of desalination to remove physic-chemical parameters as percentage of rejections in the pilot plant are: in the NF system the salinity 50.21, TDS 43.41, EC 43.62, Cl 21.1, Na 36.15, and in the RO membrane the salinity 72.02, TDS 60.26, EC 60.33, Cl 43.08, Na 54.41. Also in case of the rejection in hybrid system of those parameters and ions included salinity 78.65, TDS 76.52, EC 76.42, Cl 63.95, and Na 70.91.
Comparing rejection percent in three above-mentioned methods, it could be concluded that, in reverse osmosis process, ions and non-ion parameters rejection ability were rather better than nanofiltration process, and also better in hybrid compared to reverse osmosis process. The results reported in this paper indicate that the integration of membrane nanofiltration with reverse osmosis (hybrid NF/RO) can be completed by each other probably to remove salinity, TDS, EC, Cl, and Na.
作为一种合适的工具，膜工艺用于微咸水淡化以生产饮用水。本研究旨在调查伊朗库姆省微咸水的淡化过程。
本研究在研究区域的水与废水公司的中央实验室进行。为此，分别应用了膜工艺，包括纳滤（NF）和反渗透（RO），以及它们的混合工艺。此外，还测量了水的物理和化学参数，包括盐度、总溶解固体（TDS）、电导率（EC）、钠和氯。之后，分别使用纳滤和反渗透以及它们的混合工艺研究并比较了每个参数的截留率。处理过程由Luna家用淡化装置进行，其膜分别被用于纳滤和反渗透过程的两个NF90和TW30膜所替代。所有采集的微咸水样品通过安装在家庭规模试验装置（Luna水1吨/天）上的NF90 - 2540、TW30 - 1821 - 100（RO）和混合（NF/RO）膜进料。然后，为了研究压力对膜渗透质量的影响，应用了模拟软件模型ROSA。
结果表明，盐度截留率在NF、RO和混合工艺中分别记录为50.21%、72.82%和78.56%。在研究过程中，为了通过压力驱动模拟纳滤、反渗透和混合工艺的性能，应用了反渗透系统分析（ROSA）模型。在中试装置中以三种脱盐方法去除物理化学参数的实验结果以截留率百分比表示为：在NF系统中，盐度50.21、TDS 43.41、EC 43.62、氯21.1、钠36.15；在RO膜中，盐度72.02、TDS 60.26、EC 60.33、氯43.08、钠54.41。在混合系统中这些参数和离子的截留率情况为：盐度78.65、TDS 76.52、EC 76.42、氯63.95、钠70.91。
比较上述三种方法的截留率，可以得出结论，在反渗透过程中，离子和非离子参数的截留能力比纳滤过程更好，并且混合工艺相比反渗透过程也更好。本文报道的结果表明，纳滤与反渗透的集成（混合NF/RO）可能相互补充以去除盐度、TDS、EC、氯和钠。
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