Reisen W K, Milby M M
Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1986 Feb;80(1):53-68. doi: 10.1080/00034983.1986.11811984.
Time series and spatial changes in the relative abundance of 14 mosquito species were described from weekly or biweekly collections at nine localities in Punjab province, Pakistan, from January 1976 to June 1980. Comparisons between indoor aspirator catches and outdoor mechanical sweeper collections enabled mosquito resting habits to be classified as: (1) endophilic (Anopheles culicifacies, An. fluviatilis, An. stephensi, An. subpictus); (2) partially exophilic (An. annularis, An. pulcherrimus, An. nigerrimus, Culex bitaeniorhynchus, Cx, pseudovishnui, Cx, quinquefasciatus, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus), or exophilic (Cx. fuscocephala, Aedes caspius, Mansonia uniformis). Temporal abundance patterns were grouped by seasonality, overwintering strategies and the magnitude of fluctuation. Seasonal patterns were: (1) unimodal-spring (Cx. quinquefasciatus, Ae. capius); (2) unimodal-monsoon (An. nigerrimus, An. subpictus, Cx. bitaeniorhynchus, Cx. fuscocephala); (3) bimodal-spring dominant (An. annularis, An. culcifacies, An. stephensi), and (4) bimodal-monsoon/post-monsoon dominant (An. fluviatilis, An. pulcherrimus, Cx. pseudovishnui, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Ma. uniformis). Mosquito overwintering strategies included: (1) adults with slowed reproductive activity (An. annularis, An. culicifacies, An. fluviatilis, An. pulcherrimus, An. stephensi, Cx. quinquefasciatus); (2) females with interrupted reproductive activity (An. nigerrimus, Cx. fuscocephala, Cx. pseudovishnui, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus); (3) immature stages (Ae. caspius, Ma. uniformis) and (4) annual extinction and re-introduction (An. subpictus). The magnitude of seasonal change was classified by the number of standard deviations from the overall mean exhibited by the annual maxima or minima: (1) stationary, less than 1 standard deviation (An. culicifacies, An. fluviatilis, Cx. bitaeniorhynchus, Ae. caspius), (2) fluctuating moderately, one to two standard deviations (An. annularis, An. nigerrimus, An. pulcherrimus, An. stephensi, Cx. fuscocephala, Cx. quinquefasciatus, Ma. uniformis) and (3) markedly fluctuating greater than two standard deviations (An. subpictus, Cx. pseudovishnui, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus). The seasonal increases of An. culicifacies and An. stephensi abundance did not closely parallel the periods of maximal malaria transmission. Temporal patterns exhibited by several culicine species indicated that the period of greatest West Nile virus activity would probably occur during the post-monsoon season.
1976年1月至1980年6月期间，在巴基斯坦旁遮普省的9个地点，通过每周或每两周一次的采集，描述了14种蚊子相对丰度的时间序列和空间变化。通过比较室内吸气器捕获量和室外机械清扫器采集量，蚊子的栖息习性可分为：(1)嗜内性（库氏按蚊、溪流按蚊、斯氏按蚊、伪威氏按蚊）；(2)部分嗜外性（环纹按蚊、美丽按蚊、黑足按蚊、致倦库蚊、伪杂鳞库蚊、中华库蚊、三带喙库蚊），或嗜外性（棕头库蚊、里海伊蚊、单色曼蚊）。根据季节性、越冬策略和波动幅度对时间丰度模式进行分组。季节性模式为：(1)单峰-春季（致倦库蚊、里海伊蚊）；(2)单峰-季风期（黑足按蚊、伪威氏按蚊、三带喙库蚊、棕头库蚊）；(3)双峰-春季占主导（环纹按蚊、库氏按蚊、斯氏按蚊），以及(4)双峰-季风期/季风后期占主导（溪流按蚊、美丽按蚊、伪杂鳞库蚊、中华库蚊、单色曼蚊）。蚊子的越冬策略包括：(1)生殖活动减缓的成虫（环纹按蚊、库氏按蚊、溪流按蚊、美丽按蚊、斯氏按蚊、致倦库蚊）；(2)生殖活动中断的雌蚊（黑足按蚊）；(3)未成熟阶段（里海伊蚊、单色曼蚊），以及(4)年度灭绝和重新引入（伪威氏按蚊）。季节性变化的幅度根据年度最大值或最小值与总体平均值的标准差数量进行分类：(1)稳定，小于1个标准差（库氏按蚊、溪流按蚊）；(2)适度波动，1至2个标准差（环纹按蚊、黑足按蚊、美丽按蚊、斯氏按蚊、棕头库蚊、致倦库蚊、单色曼蚊），以及(3)显著波动，大于2个标准差（伪威氏按蚊、中华库蚊、三带喙库蚊）。库氏按蚊和斯氏按蚊丰度的季节性增加与疟疾传播高峰期并不紧密平行。几种库蚊属物种呈现的时间模式表明，西尼罗河病毒活动的高峰期可能发生在季风后期。
