Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
Department of Psychology, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2017 Sep;41(9):1612-1621. doi: 10.1111/acer.13440. Epub 2017 Jul 24.
Prior research suggests more than 70% of undergraduates have experienced harm from other students' drinking. This study built on the literature by, first, investigating whether secondhand harm cluster into latent factors that reflect distinct but related types of harm. Second, given the paucity of research examining factors that increase students' vulnerability to secondhand harm, we examined dimensions from Castellanos-Ryan and Conrod's 4-factor personality model for alcohol disorders (impulsivity [IMP], sensation seeking [SS], hopelessness [HOP], anxiety sensitivity [AS]) as predictors of secondhand harm exposure. We also investigated the possible mediating role of students' own problematic alcohol use in explaining personality-secondhand harm relationships.
An online survey was administered to 1,537 first-year Canadian undergraduates (68% women). Problematic alcohol use was measured by the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, and personality was measured by the Substance Use Risk Profile Scale. Eleven secondhand harm items were included.
The secondhand harm clustered into 3 distinct but related factors: "strains" (e.g., interruption of sleep or study), "threats" (e.g., harassment or assault), and "interpersonal harm" (e.g., arguments with peers). Sixty-eight percent of respondents reported strains, 44% threats, and 64% interpersonal harm, and 35% reported experiencing all 3 types of harm, in the last term. All 4 personality dimensions were independently associated with greater secondhand harm exposure. HOP was directly associated with threats and interpersonal harm, and AS was directly associated with all 3 types of harm. SS and IMP were both indirectly associated with all 3 types of harm through students' own problematic alcohol use. In addition, IMP was directly related to threats.
The prevalence of secondhand harm from alcohol is high among undergraduates. Findings suggest that distinct personality risks may predispose students to experience secondhand harm, albeit perhaps through different mechanisms. Implications for future research, prevention, and policy development are discussed.
先前的研究表明，超过 70%的本科生曾遭受过其他学生饮酒带来的伤害。本研究在前人研究的基础上，首先调查了二手伤害是否会聚类成反映不同但相关类型伤害的潜在因素。其次，鉴于研究中很少有涉及增加学生易受二手伤害影响的因素，我们考察了 Castellanos-Ryan 和 Conrod 的酒精障碍四因素人格模型（冲动性 [IMP]、感觉寻求 [SS]、绝望感 [HOP]、焦虑敏感性 [AS]）的维度，将其作为暴露于二手伤害的预测因子。我们还研究了学生自身问题性饮酒在解释人格与二手伤害关系中的中介作用。
对 1537 名加拿大一年级本科生（68%为女性）进行了在线调查。问题性饮酒由酒精使用障碍识别测试测量，人格由物质使用风险特征量表测量。包括 11 项二手伤害项目。
二手伤害聚类为 3 个不同但相关的因素：“压力”（例如，睡眠或学习中断）、“威胁”（例如，骚扰或攻击）和“人际伤害”（例如，与同伴的争吵）。68%的受访者报告了压力，44%的受访者报告了威胁，64%的受访者报告了人际伤害，35%的受访者报告在上学期经历了所有 3 种类型的伤害。所有 4 个人格维度都与更大的二手伤害暴露独立相关。HOP 与威胁和人际伤害直接相关，而 AS 与所有 3 种类型的伤害直接相关。SS 和 IMP 都通过学生自身的问题性饮酒与所有 3 种类型的伤害间接相关。此外，IMP 与威胁直接相关。
大学生中二手伤害的发生率很高。研究结果表明，不同的人格风险可能使学生易受二手伤害的影响，尽管可能通过不同的机制。讨论了对未来研究、预防和政策制定的影响。
