McAllen R M
Neuroscience. 1986 May;18(1):43-9. doi: 10.1016/0306-4522(86)90177-6.
A study has been made of the ventral surface of the medulla, to identify neurones with cardiovascular and respiratory functions. Experiments were performed on chloralose-anaesthetized, artificially ventilated cats. Ventral medullary neurones were stimulated by microinjections of excitant amino acid (which selectively activates cell bodies), and responses measured in blood pressure, heart rate, renal sympathetic and phrenic nerve activity. A small region of ventral medulla was found, corresponding to the "glycine-sensitive area", from which large increases in blood pressure and renal nerve activity were evoked by amino acid injections. More caudally, another cell group was localized lateral to the hypoglossal nerve roots, and these neurones depressed blood pressure and renal nerve activity. Two distinct regions were found to increase phrenic nerve activity: rostral to the pressor neurones, encroaching on the trapezoid body (roughly corresponding to area "M"), and a caudal group, close to the depressor neurones (i.e. lateral to the hypoglossal roots). No respiratory response could be evoked from medial to the hypoglossal roots (area "L") and stimulation of neurones in area "S" generally depressed phrenic activity. Neurones with cardiovascular and respiratory actions could be distinguished anatomically. Their locations have been mapped and compared with previous studies.
已对延髓腹侧面进行了一项研究，以识别具有心血管和呼吸功能的神经元。实验在氯醛糖麻醉、人工通气的猫身上进行。通过微量注射兴奋性氨基酸（其选择性激活细胞体）刺激延髓腹侧神经元，并测量血压、心率、肾交感神经和膈神经活动的反应。发现延髓腹侧的一个小区域，对应于“甘氨酸敏感区”，氨基酸注射可引起该区域血压和肾神经活动大幅增加。在更靠尾侧的位置，另一个细胞群位于舌下神经根外侧，这些神经元可降低血压和肾神经活动。发现有两个不同区域可增加膈神经活动：在升压神经元的头侧，侵入梯形体（大致对应于“M”区），以及一个尾侧组，靠近降压神经元（即舌下神经根外侧）。在舌下神经根内侧（“L”区）未诱发呼吸反应，刺激“S”区的神经元通常会抑制膈神经活动。具有心血管和呼吸作用的神经元在解剖学上可加以区分。已绘制出它们的位置，并与先前的研究进行了比较。
