El Ridi Rashika, Tallima Hatem
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt.
Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Cairo, Egypt.
J Adv Res. 2017 Sep;8(5):487-493. doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2017.03.003. Epub 2017 Mar 14.
Uric acid is synthesized mainly in the liver, intestines and the vascular endothelium as the end product of an exogenous pool of purines, and endogenously from damaged, dying and dead cells, whereby nucleic acids, adenine and guanine, are degraded into uric acid. Mentioning uric acid generates dread because it is the established etiological agent of the severe, acute and chronic inflammatory arthritis, gout and is implicated in the initiation and progress of the metabolic syndrome. Yet, uric acid is the predominant anti-oxidant molecule in plasma and is necessary and sufficient for induction of type 2 immune responses. These properties may explain its protective potential in neurological and infectious diseases, mainly schistosomiasis. The pivotal protective potential of uric acid against blood-borne pathogens and neurological and autoimmune diseases is yet to be established.
尿酸主要在肝脏、肠道和血管内皮中合成，作为外源性嘌呤池的终产物，内源性地由受损、濒死和死亡细胞产生，核酸、腺嘌呤和鸟嘌呤由此降解为尿酸。提及尿酸会引发恐惧，因为它是严重的急性和慢性炎症性关节炎、痛风的确立病因，并且与代谢综合征的发生和发展有关。然而，尿酸是血浆中主要的抗氧化分子，对于诱导2型免疫反应是必要且充分的。这些特性可能解释了其在神经和感染性疾病（主要是血吸虫病）中的保护潜力。尿酸对血源性病原体以及神经和自身免疫性疾病的关键保护潜力尚未得到证实。
