Department of Child and Family Studies, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2018 Jan;59(1):88-95. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.12787. Epub 2017 Jul 27.
Very preterm (<32 weeks' gestational age; VP) or very low-birth weight (<1,500 g; VLBW) birth has been associated with increased risk for anxiety and mood disorders and less partnering in adulthood. The aim was to test whether (a) VP/VLBW are at increased risk of any anxiety or mood disorders from 6 to 26 years compared with term-born individuals; (b) social support from romantic partners is associated with protection from anxiety and mood disorders; and (c) VP/VLBW adults' lower social support mediates their risk for any anxiety and mood disorders.
Data are from a prospective geographically defined longitudinal whole-population study in South Bavaria (Germany). Two hundred VP/VLBW and 197 term individuals were studied from birth to adulthood. Anxiety and mood disorders were assessed at 6, 8, and 26 years with standardized diagnostic interviews and social support via self-report at age 26.
At age 6, VP/VLBW children were not at increased risk of any anxiety or mood disorder. At age 8, VP/VLBW more often had any anxiety disorder than term comparisons (11.8% vs. 6.6%, OR = 2.10, 95% CI [1.08-4.10]). VP/VLBW adults had an increased risk for any mood (27.5% vs. 18.8%, OR = 1.65 [1.02-2.67]) but not for any anxiety disorder (33.0% vs. 28.4%, OR = 1.27 [0.82-1.96]). None of the significant differences survived correction for multiple testing. Social support was associated with a lower risk of anxiety or mood disorders in both groups (OR = 0.81 [0.68-0.96]) and mediated the association of VP/VLBW birth with any anxiety or any mood disorders at age 26.
This study does not show a persistently increased risk for any anxiety or mood disorder after VP/VLBW birth. Low social support from a romantic partner mediates the risk for anxiety or mood disorders after VP/VLBW birth.
极早产儿（<32 周；VP）或极低出生体重儿（<1500 克；VLBW）出生与成年后患焦虑和情绪障碍以及较少伴侣关系的风险增加有关。目的是测试（a）VP/VLBW 在 6 至 26 岁时是否比足月出生的个体更容易患任何焦虑或情绪障碍；（b）来自浪漫伴侣的社会支持是否与预防焦虑和情绪障碍有关；（c）VP/VLBW 成人较低的社会支持是否会增加他们患任何焦虑和情绪障碍的风险。
数据来自德国南巴伐利亚地区一项具有前瞻性、地理定义的纵向全人群研究。从出生到成年，对 200 名 VP/VLBW 和 197 名足月个体进行了研究。在 6、8 和 26 岁时，使用标准化诊断访谈评估焦虑和情绪障碍，并在 26 岁时通过自我报告评估社会支持。
在 6 岁时，VP/VLBW 儿童没有患任何焦虑或情绪障碍的风险增加。在 8 岁时，VP/VLBW 患任何焦虑障碍的比例高于足月对照组（11.8%对 6.6%，OR=2.10，95%CI[1.08-4.10]）。VP/VLBW 成年人患任何情绪障碍（27.5%对 18.8%，OR=1.65[1.02-2.67]）和任何焦虑障碍（33.0%对 28.4%，OR=1.27[0.82-1.96]）的风险增加。在进行多次检验校正后，这些显著差异均无统计学意义。在两组中，社会支持与较低的焦虑或情绪障碍风险相关（OR=0.81[0.68-0.96]），并介导了 VP/VLBW 出生与 26 岁时任何焦虑或任何情绪障碍的关联。
本研究并未显示 VP/VLBW 出生后持续存在任何焦虑或情绪障碍的风险增加。来自浪漫伴侣的低社会支持会增加 VP/VLBW 出生后患焦虑或情绪障碍的风险。
