Flanders John A, Thompson Michelle E, Palazzolo Mitzi J, Garner Michael M, Reed Matthew, Ialeggio Donna M, Kiupel Matti, Westra William H, Gamble Kathryn C
J Zoo Wildl Med. 2017 Jun;48(2):394-403. doi: 10.1638/2016-0121R.1.
Squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) are common oronasal tumors in nonhuman primates. In this study, 11 cases of oronasal SCC in François' langurs ( Trachypithecus francoisi ) are described. Five initial cases were discovered on review of the North American François' langur studbook, with a potential familial pattern observed. The studbook was used to identify related individuals, and records were requested for review. Six additional cases were documented, and samples from all cases were submitted for microscopic review, as well as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and in situ hybridization (ISH), for generic papillomaviruses and PCR for herpesviruses because either virus may cause SCC in humans and other nonhuman primates. Affected langurs commonly presented with facial swelling or ocular discharge but frequently did not have clinical signs, and carcinomas were diagnosed during routine examinations. Carcinomas were located in the oral or nasal cavities affecting the oral mucosa, tongue, hard palate, or oropharynx. Histologically, SCCs comprised anastomosing cords and nests of neoplastic epithelial cells that differentiated synchronously and asynchronously from peripheral basal type cells to central squamous-type cells and were occasionally oriented around accumulations of necrotic cell debris. Nuclear pleomorphism, anisokaryosis, prominent nucleoli, occasional mitoses, and a scirrhous response were common features. All animals tested negative for both viruses, except two langurs that were positive for generic papillomavirus by PCR, but no papillomavirus was detected by either IHC or ISH. In most cases, affected animals died within 5 mo of diagnosis.
鳞状细胞癌（SCC）是非人类灵长类动物常见的口鼻部肿瘤。在本研究中，描述了11例黑叶猴（Trachypithecus francoisi）口鼻部鳞状细胞癌的病例。在查阅北美黑叶猴谱系簿时发现了5例初始病例，观察到可能存在家族性模式。利用谱系簿识别相关个体，并索取记录以供查阅。又记录了6例病例，并将所有病例的样本送去进行显微镜检查，以及针对通用乳头瘤病毒的聚合酶链反应（PCR）、免疫组织化学（IHC）和原位杂交（ISH），针对疱疹病毒进行PCR，因为这两种病毒都可能在人类和其他非人类灵长类动物中引发鳞状细胞癌。受影响的黑叶猴通常表现为面部肿胀或眼部分泌物增多，但通常没有临床症状，这些癌症是在常规检查中被诊断出来的。癌症位于口腔或鼻腔，影响口腔黏膜、舌头、硬腭或口咽。组织学上，鳞状细胞癌由肿瘤性上皮细胞的吻合索和巢组成，这些细胞从外周基底型细胞同步和异步分化为中央鳞状型细胞，偶尔围绕坏死细胞碎片的聚集排列。核多形性、核大小不等、明显的核仁、偶尔的有丝分裂和硬癌反应是常见特征。所有动物对这两种病毒的检测均为阴性，除了两只通过PCR检测通用乳头瘤病毒呈阳性的黑叶猴，但免疫组织化学或原位杂交均未检测到乳头瘤病毒。在大多数情况下，受影响的动物在诊断后5个月内死亡。
