Haitian people's expectations regarding post-disaster humanitarian aid teams' actions.

The way people at the receiving end of humanitarian assistance perceive this intervention may provide invaluable bottom-up feedback to improve the quality of the intervention. We analyzed and mapped Haitians' views regarding international humanitarian aid in cases of natural disaster. Two hundred fifty participants-137 women and 113 men aged 18-67-who had suffered from the consequences of the earthquake in 2010 were presented with a series of vignettes depicting a humanitarian team's action and were asked to what extent these actions corresponded to what ought to be expected from an international aid mission. Four factors were considered in the vignettes (a) whether the team worked in close association with local institutions, (b) whether it was composed of competent people who were prepared for their mission, (c) whether they treated people as a function of immediate needs, and (d) whether they behaved in a respectful way. Through cluster analysis, five qualitatively different positions were found: (a) Complete hostility to any kind of humanitarian aid (6%); (b) Strong hostility to humanitarian aid in the case of disrespectful attitudes or behaviors (4%); (c) Technical competence is the only factor that matters (25%); (d) Both manifestation of respect for the population and technical competence matter (38%) and (e) Undetermined (27%). Most Haitians expect humanitarian teams to be technically competent, but even very competent aid is not considered adequate if provided in an arrogant and disrespectful manner.