Falfushynska Halina I, Gnatyshyna Lesya L, Horyn Oksana, Stoliar Oksana B
Research Laboratory of Comparative Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ternopil National Pedagogical University, 2, M. Kryvonosa Str., Ternopil 46027, Ukraine.
Research Laboratory of Comparative Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ternopil National Pedagogical University, 2, M. Kryvonosa Str., Ternopil 46027, Ukraine; I.Ya. Horbachevsky Ternopil State Medical University, 1, Maidan Voli, Ternopil 46001, Ukraine.
Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2017 Nov;202:26-38. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.07.004. Epub 2017 Jul 27.
Pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) are the environmental pollutants of growing concern. The aim of this study was to indicate the effects of typical PPCPs on the marsh frog Pelophylax ridibundus. We treated male frogs with waterborne ibuprofen (IBU, 250ng·L), triclosan (TCS, 500ng·L), or estrone (E1, 100ng·L) for 14days. Common vulnerability of the frogs was detected from dramatic decrease of Zn, total and metalated metallothionein (MT) concentrations, Zn/Cu ratio, the elevation of activity of glutathione-S-transferase, cathepsin D and DNA instability in the liver, the depletion of cholinesterase in the brain and cortisol in the blood plasma in all exposures. Nevertheless, lipofuscin concentration in the liver was always decreased. The groups were best distinguished by cytochrome P450 (CYP450) activity determined by ELISA. The exposure to IBU caused lesser damage, but elevated the levels of oxyradicals and glutathione (GSH and GSSG) and lysosomal membrane instability. Exposures to TCS and E1 provoked the endocrine disturbance (increased levels of vitellogenin and thyrotropin in blood plasma), decreased lactate dehydrogenase activity and increased level of pyruvate in the liver. TCS caused the increase of GSSG by 7.3 times and lactate levels. Only E1 lead to decrease of deiodinase activity in the liver, activation of CYP450 and caspase-3 and efflux of cathepsin D from lysosomes. Spectrophotometric and ELISA assays of MTs and CYP450 gave distinct results in E1-group. Broad disruption of the hormonal pathways caused by E1 could be of concern for the health status of frogs in their habitats.
药品和个人护理产品（PPCPs）是日益受到关注的环境污染物。本研究的目的是指出典型PPCPs对沼泽蛙（Pelophylax ridibundus）的影响。我们用含有布洛芬（IBU，250ng·L）、三氯生（TCS，500ng·L）或雌酮（E1，100ng·L）的水溶液处理雄性青蛙14天。在所有暴露组中，均检测到青蛙出现共同的易损性，表现为锌、总金属硫蛋白和金属化金属硫蛋白（MT）浓度显著降低，锌/铜比值降低，肝脏中谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶、组织蛋白酶D活性升高以及DNA不稳定，大脑中胆碱酯酶减少，血浆中皮质醇减少。然而，肝脏中的脂褐素浓度始终降低。通过酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）测定的细胞色素P450（CYP450）活性最能区分不同的组。暴露于IBU造成的损害较小，但会提高氧自由基和谷胱甘肽（GSH和GSSG）水平以及溶酶体膜不稳定性。暴露于TCS和E1会引发内分泌紊乱（血浆中卵黄蛋白原和促甲状腺激素水平升高），肝脏中乳酸脱氢酶活性降低，丙酮酸水平升高。TCS使GSSG增加7.3倍，并使乳酸水平升高。只有E1导致肝脏中脱碘酶活性降低，CYP450和半胱天冬酶-3激活，组织蛋白酶D从溶酶体中流出。MTs和CYP450的分光光度法和ELISA检测在E1组中给出了不同的结果。E1引起的激素途径广泛紊乱可能关系到其栖息地青蛙的健康状况。
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