Clutton-Brock Tim
Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2017 Sep 19;372(1729). doi: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0310.
This paper traces the development of our understanding of the development of different approaches to estimating the strength of reproductive competition and sexual selection in the two sexes, based on measures of the operational sex ratio, the opportunity for sexual selection and contrasts in selection gradients between the sexes. It argues that different approaches provide complementary insights into the causes of sex differences in reproductive competition, the operation of sexual selection and the evolution of secondary sexual characters and that improvements in our understanding of the evolution of secondary sexual characters will require a more comprehensive understanding of the ways in which social and ecological conditions modify reproductive competition and development in females and males.This article is part of the themed issue 'Adult sex ratios and reproductive decisions: a critical re-examination of sex differences in human and animal societies'.
本文基于对两性的实际性比、性选择机会以及两性选择梯度差异的测量，追溯了我们对不同方法发展的理解，这些方法用于估计两性生殖竞争强度和性选择情况。文章认为，不同方法为生殖竞争中性别差异的成因、性选择的运作以及第二性征的进化提供了互补的见解，并且我们若要更深入理解第二性征的进化，就需要更全面地了解社会和生态条件如何改变两性的生殖竞争及发育情况。本文是主题为“成年性别比与生殖决策：对人类和动物社会中性别差异的批判性重新审视”特刊的一部分。
