du Plessis Maira, Hage Robert
Department of Anatomical Sciences, St Georges University, West Indies, Grenada.
Cancer Causes Control. 2017 Nov;28(11):1227-1239. doi: 10.1007/s10552-017-0934-7. Epub 2017 Jul 31.
Very little data exist on the incidence and burden of cancer in the individual Caribbean countries. Some data are available for larger areas, reported under a bigger geographical region; Latin America and the Caribbean, but many of the individual countries are not included. One of the main reasons is a lack of official cancer registries. Data are usually collected from hospital records or private physician records, and since it is not in an official registry, these data are not always accessible for inclusion in databases such as SEER and GLOBOCAN. Grenada is one of the countries that currently does not have a registry. Our aim is to report on the incidence for head and neck cancer with subcategories; hypopharynx, oropharynx, oral cavity, salivary glands, and larynx from data collected by the sole ear nose and throat specialist over a 20-year period. The age adjusted incidence per 100,000 for these cancers, whether combined or individually, is lower than that of similar populations. The incidence in males is only slightly higher than those reported in some parts of Africa. In females, only Eastern Africa is reported to have a lower incidence than that found in our study. While the incidence of oral cancers is lower than that of African Americans, the survival rate is comparable. Socioeconomic status, lack of infrastructure, and advanced stage at diagnosis appear to be closely related to the survival rate. Incidence reports suggest that incidence of head and neck cancers in individuals of African descent is lower than other populations. It is therefore not surprising that the incidence in Grenada is relatively low, although the incidence may be underestimated.
关于加勒比地区各个国家癌症的发病率和负担，现有数据极少。有一些数据适用于更大的区域，是在拉丁美洲和加勒比这个更大的地理区域下报告的，但许多个别国家并未涵盖在内。主要原因之一是缺乏官方癌症登记处。数据通常从医院记录或私人医生记录中收集，而且由于不在官方登记处，这些数据并不总是能被获取以纳入像监测、流行病学和最终结果（SEER）及全球癌症观测站（GLOBOCAN）这样的数据库。格林纳达是目前没有登记处的国家之一。我们的目的是根据唯一的耳鼻喉专科医生在20年期间收集的数据，报告头颈部癌症各亚类（下咽、口咽、口腔、唾液腺和喉）的发病率。这些癌症每10万人的年龄调整发病率，无论是综合计算还是单独计算，都低于类似人群。男性的发病率仅略高于非洲某些地区报告的发病率。在女性中，据报告只有东非的发病率低于我们研究中的发病率。虽然口腔癌的发病率低于非裔美国人，但生存率相当。社会经济地位、基础设施的缺乏以及诊断时的晚期阶段似乎与生存率密切相关。发病率报告表明，非洲裔个体的头颈部癌症发病率低于其他人群。因此，格林纳达的发病率相对较低也就不足为奇了，尽管发病率可能被低估了。
