Schmidt W J
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1986;90(1):123-30. doi: 10.1007/BF00172883.
DL-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (AP-5), which blocks glutamatergic transmission at the NMDA-preferring receptor, was injected into the antero-dorsal striatum of rats. AP-5-induced behavioural changes were assessed i) using a stereotypy rating scale and ii) using an experimental chamber designed to quantify sniffing. In both behavioural situations it was shown that AP-5 (10 micrograms/0.5 microliter) induced continuous intensive sniffing similar to that induced by small doses of systemically administered amphetamine or apomorphine. However, oral stereotypies were not induced by AP-5. Systemically injected clozapine (5 and 10 mg/kg SC) as well as haloperidol (0.1 mg/kg IP) antagonized AP-5-induced sniffing. These results show that besides dopamine receptors, NMDA receptors are involved in the control of sniffing. In behavioural terms, the effect of glutamate mediated by the NMDA receptor in the striatum is opposite to that of dopamine.
DL-2-氨基-5-磷酸戊酸（AP-5）可阻断NMDA优先型受体处的谷氨酸能传递，将其注射到大鼠的前背侧纹状体中。采用以下两种方式评估AP-5诱导的行为变化：i）使用刻板行为评分量表；ii）使用一个旨在量化嗅探行为的实验箱。在这两种行为情境中均发现，AP-5（10微克/0.5微升）会引发持续强烈的嗅探行为，这与小剂量全身给药的苯丙胺或阿扑吗啡所引发的嗅探行为相似。然而，AP-5并未诱发口部刻板行为。全身注射氯氮平（5和10毫克/千克，皮下注射）以及氟哌啶醇（0.1毫克/千克，腹腔注射）可对抗AP-5诱导的嗅探行为。这些结果表明，除多巴胺受体外，NMDA受体也参与了对嗅探行为进行控制。从行为学角度来看，纹状体中由NMDA受体介导的谷氨酸的作用与多巴胺的作用相反。
