Neofytou M, Sfakianakis D G, Koumoundouros G, Mylonas C C, Kentouri M
Biology Department, University of Crete, 71409, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Aquaculture, P.O. Box 2214, Heraklion, Crete, 71003, Greece.
J Fish Biol. 2017 Sep;91(3):764-788. doi: 10.1111/jfb.13372. Epub 2017 Aug 3.
The osteological development of the vertebral column and fins in shi drum Umbrina cirrosa was studied in order to improve knowledge for its introduction in Mediterranean aquaculture. The osteological development was studied in 171 individuals, of total length (L ) from 2·7 to 30·2 mm that were reared under the mesocosm technique. Vertebral ontogeny starts at 3·4 and 4·0 mm L , with the formation of the first cartilaginous neural and haemal arches, and spines, respectively, and is completed with the full attainment of epicentrals (12·5 mm L ). The formation of vertebral centra occurs between 4·1 and 7·4 mm L . Pectoral supports are the first fin elements to develop (3·0 mm L ), followed by those of the caudal fin (3·8 mm L ), pelvic fin (3·9 mm L ) and finally by those of the dorsal and anal fins (4·5 mm L ). The caudal fin is the first to develop fin rays and attain the full count of principal fin rays (4·5-6·8 mm L ), but the last to be fully completed with the formation of procurrent fin rays (6·9-17·5 mm L ). The next fins starting to present rays are the dorsal (5·3 mm L ) and the pectoral fins (5·6 mm L ), while the anal and pelvic fins are the last (5·7 mm L ). Following the caudal principal fin rays (6·8 mm L ), the dorsal, anal (6·9 mm L ), pelvic (7·4 mm L ) and pectoral fins (9·8 mm L ) are the next with fully completed ray counts. Aggregation of qualitative changes, such as the appearance of cartilages, the beginning and the complement of the ossification process and the full complement of elements in U. cirrosa were measured as cumulative frequency counts. These measurements reveal three ontogenetic intervals: one very developmentally active period during early life stages (from 3 to 5·9 mm L ), a second slower developmental period (from 6·0 to 8·9 mm L ) and finally a period of ontogeny more focused on structure refinement up to metamorphosis and settlement (>9·0 mm L ).
为了增进对云纹石斑鱼引入地中海水产养殖的了解，研究了其脊柱和鳍的骨骼发育。对171尾全长（L）为2.7至30.2毫米的个体进行了骨骼发育研究，这些个体采用中宇宙技术饲养。脊柱个体发育始于全长3.4毫米和4.0毫米时，分别形成第一对软骨神经弓和血弓以及棘突，并在完全形成上椎体（全长12.5毫米）时完成。椎体中心的形成发生在全长4.1至7.4毫米之间。胸鳍支撑是最早发育的鳍元件（全长3.0毫米），其次是尾鳍（全长3.8毫米）、腹鳍（全长3.9毫米），最后是背鳍和臀鳍（全长4.5毫米）。尾鳍是最早发育鳍条并达到主鳍条完整数量的（全长4.5至6.8毫米），但最后随着副鳍条的形成而完全完成（全长6.9至17.5毫米）。接下来开始出现鳍条的是背鳍（全长5.3毫米）和胸鳍（全长5.6毫米），而臀鳍和腹鳍是最后出现的（全长5.7毫米）。继尾鳍主鳍条（全长6.8毫米）之后，背鳍、臀鳍（全长6.9毫米）、腹鳍（全长7.4毫米）和胸鳍（全长9.8毫米）接下来达到鳍条完整数量。对云纹石斑鱼中软骨出现、骨化过程的开始和完成以及元件的完全补充等定性变化的聚集情况进行了累积频率计数测量。这些测量揭示了三个个体发育阶段：生命早期非常活跃的发育阶段（全长3至5.9毫米），第二个发育较慢的阶段（全长6.0至8.9毫米），最后是一个个体发育阶段，更侧重于结构细化直至变态和定居（全长>9.0毫米）。
