犹他州的一氧化碳中毒情况：1996 - 2013年

Carbon monoxide poisoning in Utah: 1996-2013.

作者信息

Weaver Lindell K, Deru Kayla, Churchill Susan, Legler Joshua, Snow Greg, Grey Todd

机构信息

Hyperbaric Medicine, LDS Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah U.S.

Hyperbaric Medicine Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, Utah U.S.

出版信息

Undersea Hyperb Med. 2016 Nov-Dec;43(7):747-758.

PMID:28777512

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

The true incidence of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is not clearly known, but a description of possible trends could aid in prevention.

METHODS

Investigators searched Utah state databases for emergency department (ED) visits and admissions for CO poisoning and medical examiner records for CO-related fatalities.

RESULTS

From 1996-2013, 7,590 individuals were diagnosed with CO poisoning: 6,469 were treated/ released from EDs; 596 were admitted; 525 died. Of 7,065 non-fatal poisonings, 5,950 (84%) were accidental and 498 (7%) were suicide attempts. Few patients (9.7%) were treated with hyperbaric oxygen. For accidental poisonings, internal combustion engines accounted for 43%, smoke inhalation, 34%, and heating sources, 22%. Internal combustion engines were implicated in 97% of suicide attempts. Non-fatal poisonings declined following a 2008 legislative change requiring CO alarms in residences, but we do not know if legislation caused the decline. One hundred forty-one (27%) fatal poisonings were accidental, 361 (70%) suicides and two (0.4%) homicides. Victims with cardiovascular autopsy findings/past cardiovascular history had lower carboxyhemoglobin levels (mean 51.2%, n=53) compared to those without (70.8%, n=472). Mean postmortem carboxyhemoglobin was highest in ages 20-29 years (72.5%).

CONCLUSIONS

The incidence of CO poisoning in Utah is declining, but CO poisoning is still common. Alarm legislation may aid prevention efforts. An educational campaign addressing the many causes and circumstances of CO poisoning is required for prevention.

摘要

引言

一氧化碳（CO）中毒的真实发病率尚不清楚，但对可能趋势的描述有助于预防。

方法

研究人员在犹他州数据库中搜索一氧化碳中毒的急诊科就诊和住院记录以及与一氧化碳相关死亡的法医记录。

结果

1996年至2013年期间，7590人被诊断为一氧化碳中毒：6469人在急诊科接受治疗/出院；596人住院；525人死亡。在7065例非致命中毒病例中，5950例（84%）为意外中毒，498例（7%）为自杀未遂。很少有患者（9.7%）接受高压氧治疗。对于意外中毒，内燃机占43%，吸入烟雾占34%，取暖源占22%。内燃机与97%的自杀未遂有关。2008年一项要求在住宅中安装一氧化碳报警器的立法变更后，非致命中毒病例有所下降，但我们不知道立法是否导致了下降。141例（27%）致命中毒为意外，361例（70%）为自杀，2例（0.4%）为他杀。有心血管尸检结果/既往心血管病史的受害者的碳氧血红蛋白水平（平均51.2%，n = 53）低于没有这些情况的受害者（70.8%，n = 472）。尸检时碳氧血红蛋白平均水平在20至29岁年龄段最高（72.5%）。