Asthma and Community Health Branch, Division of Environmental Health Sciences and Practice, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chamblee, GA 30341, United States.
Asthma and Community Health Branch, Division of Environmental Health Sciences and Practice, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chamblee, GA 30341, United States.
Am J Emerg Med. 2019 Mar;37(3):421-426. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2018.06.002. Epub 2018 Jun 2.
Unintentional non-fire-related (UNFR) carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a leading cause of poisoning in the US and a preventable cause of death. We generated national estimates of accidental CO poisoning and characterized the populations most at risk. UNFR CO poisoning cases were assessed using hospitalization and emergency department (ED) data from the Healthcare Costs and Utilization Project National Inpatient Sample and Nationwide Emergency Department Sample databases. We used hospitalization data from 2003 to 2013 and ED data from 2007 to 2013. We calculated trends using a linear regression of UNFR CO poisonings over the study period and age-adjusted rates using direct standardization and U.S. Census Bureau estimates. During 2003-2013, approximately 14,365 persons (4.1 cases/million annually) with confirmed or probable UNFR CO poisoning were admitted to hospitals and the annual rate of poisonings showed a weak downward trend (p = 0.12). During 2007-2013, approximately 101,847 persons (48.3 visits/million annually) visited the ED and the annual rate of poisonings showed a significant downward trend (p ≤ 0.01). Most UNFR CO hospital cases involved patients who were older (aged 45-64 years), white, male, or living in the South or Midwest. Overall, the rate of hospitalizations did not change over the study period. Unintentional CO poisoning is preventable and these cases represent the most recent national estimates. ED visits declined over the study period, but the hospitalization rates did not change. This emphasizes the need for prevention efforts, such as education in the ED setting, increased use of CO alarms, and proper use and maintenance of fuel-powered household appliances.
非火灾相关的（UNFR）一氧化碳（CO）中毒是美国中毒的主要原因，也是可预防的死亡原因。我们生成了全美意外 CO 中毒的估计数据，并对高危人群进行了特征描述。使用来自医疗保健成本和利用项目国家住院样本和全国急诊样本数据库的住院和急诊（ED）数据评估 UNFR CO 中毒病例。我们使用了 2003 年至 2013 年的住院数据和 2007 年至 2013 年的 ED 数据。使用研究期间的 UNFR CO 中毒线性回归和使用直接标准化和美国人口普查局估计的年龄调整率来计算趋势。在 2003-2013 年期间，约有 14365 人（每年每百万人中有 4.1 例）因确诊或疑似 UNFR CO 中毒而住院，中毒的年发生率呈微弱下降趋势（p=0.12）。在 2007-2013 年期间，约有 101847 人（每年每百万人中有 48.3 次就诊）因 ED 就诊，中毒的年发生率呈显著下降趋势（p≤0.01）。大多数 UNFR CO 住院病例涉及年龄较大（45-64 岁）、白人、男性或居住在南部或中西部的患者。总体而言，研究期间住院率没有变化。非故意 CO 中毒是可以预防的，这些病例代表了最新的全国估计数据。在研究期间，ED 就诊人数下降，但住院率没有变化。这强调了需要进行预防工作，例如在 ED 环境中进行教育、增加 CO 报警器的使用、以及正确使用和维护燃料驱动的家用电器。
