Cotner Eric, Kusenko Alexander
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, California 90095-1547, USA.
Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), UTIAS The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan.
Phys Rev Lett. 2017 Jul 21;119(3):031103. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.031103.
Supersymmetric extensions of the standard model generically predict that in the early Universe a scalar condensate can form and fragment into Q balls before decaying. If the Q balls dominate the energy density for some period of time, the relatively large fluctuations in their number density can lead to formation of primordial black holes (PBH). Other scalar fields, unrelated to supersymmetry, can play a similar role. For a general charged scalar field, this robust mechanism can generate black holes over the entire mass range allowed by observational constraints, with a sufficient abundance to account for all dark matter in some parameter ranges. In the case of supersymmetry the mass range is limited from above by 10^{23} g. We also comment on the role that topological defects can play for PBH formation in a similar fashion.
标准模型的超对称扩展一般预测，在早期宇宙中，一种标量凝聚体可以形成并在衰变前分裂成Q球。如果Q球在一段时间内主导能量密度，它们数量密度的相对较大波动会导致原初黑洞（PBH）的形成。与超对称无关的其他标量场也可以起到类似作用。对于一般的带电标量场，这种稳健机制可以在观测约束允许的整个质量范围内产生黑洞，在某些参数范围内其丰度足以解释所有暗物质。在超对称的情况下，质量范围上限由10^{23} 克限制。我们还评论了拓扑缺陷以类似方式在PBH形成中可能发挥的作用。
