Touch Sothea, Clément Karine, André Sébastien
INSERM, UMR_S 1166, Team 6 Nutriomics, 75013, Paris, France.
Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR_S 1166, 75005, Paris, France.
Curr Diab Rep. 2017 Sep;17(9):81. doi: 10.1007/s11892-017-0900-5.
Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are considered chronic inflammatory diseases. While early publications have reported the implication of innate immune cells such as macrophages to promote systemic inflammation and metabolic dysfunctions, recent publications underline the alterations of the T cell compartment in human obesity and type 2 diabetes. These recent findings are the focus of this review.
In humans, obesity and T2D induce the expansion of proinflammatory T cells such as CD4 Th1, Th17, and CD8 populations, whereas innate T cells such as MAIT and iNKT cells are decreased. These alterations reflect a loss of total T cell homeostasis that may contribute to tissue and systemic inflammation. Whether these changes are adaptive to nutritional variations and/or contribute to the progression of metabolic diseases remains to be clarified. T cell phenotyping may improve obese and/or T2D patient stratification with therapeutic and prognostic implications.
肥胖和2型糖尿病（T2D）被认为是慢性炎症性疾病。虽然早期出版物报道了巨噬细胞等固有免疫细胞在促进全身炎症和代谢功能障碍中的作用，但最近的出版物强调了人类肥胖和2型糖尿病中T细胞区室的改变。这些最新发现是本综述的重点。
在人类中，肥胖和T2D会诱导促炎T细胞如CD4 Th1、Th17和CD8群体的扩增，而固有T细胞如黏膜相关恒定T细胞（MAIT）和不变自然杀伤T细胞（iNKT）则减少。这些改变反映了总T细胞稳态的丧失，这可能导致组织和全身炎症。这些变化是否适应营养变化和/或促成代谢疾病的进展仍有待阐明。T细胞表型分析可能会改善肥胖和/或T2D患者的分层，具有治疗和预后意义。
