Beijing Chaoyang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
Beijing Chaoyang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
Am J Infect Control. 2017 Nov 1;45(11):e143-e147. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2017.06.002. Epub 2017 Aug 2.
There has been an increased focus in recent years on antimicrobial resistance of bacteria isolated from clinical samples. However, resistance of bacteria from hospital environments has been less frequently investigated.
According to hygienic standard for disinfection in hospitals, samples were collected from hospital inanimate surfaces and the hands of health care workers after daily cleaning. An automatic microorganism analyzer was used to identify bacteria and test for antimicrobial susceptibility. Polymerase chain reaction was used to detect antimicrobial resistance genes.
The detection rate of bacteria in general wards was significantly higher than that in intensive care units. The isolates were predominantly gram-negative (GN) bacteria, with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae, and Klebsiella pneumoniae being the most common. P aeruginosa isolates from other surfaces were much higher than those from medical instruments. E cloacae was isolated more frequently from the hands of other staff than medical staff. Most P aeruginosa and K pneumoniae were resistant to sulfonamides and β-lactam antimicrobials. Only 1 strain of P aeruginosa and 1 strain of K pneumoniae showed multiple antimicrobials resistance.
The GN bacteria isolated from hospital environments demonstrate variable resistance to antimicrobials.
近年来，人们越来越关注从临床样本中分离出的细菌的抗生素耐药性。然而，医院环境中细菌的耐药性却较少受到关注。
根据医院卫生消毒标准，在日常清洁后，从医院的无生命表面和医护人员的手上采集样本。使用自动微生物分析仪鉴定细菌并测试其对抗菌药物的敏感性。聚合酶链反应用于检测抗菌药物耐药基因。
普通病房的细菌检出率明显高于重症监护病房。分离出的细菌主要为革兰氏阴性（GN）菌，其中铜绿假单胞菌、阴沟肠杆菌和肺炎克雷伯菌最为常见。来自其他表面的铜绿假单胞菌分离株明显高于来自医疗器械的分离株。阴沟肠杆菌从其他工作人员手上的分离率高于医务人员。大多数铜绿假单胞菌和肺炎克雷伯菌对磺胺类和β-内酰胺类抗菌药物耐药。只有 1 株铜绿假单胞菌和 1 株肺炎克雷伯菌表现出多种抗菌药物耐药性。
从医院环境中分离出的 GN 细菌对抗菌药物表现出不同程度的耐药性。
