University of Bern, Switzerland.
University of Bern, Switzerland.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2017 Sep;80:688-702. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.07.016. Epub 2017 Aug 2.
Both optimism bias and reward-related attention bias have crucial implications for well-being and mental health. Yet, the extent to which the two biases interact remains unclear because, to date, they have mostly been discussed in isolation. Examining interactions between the two biases can lead to new directions in neurocognitive research by revealing their underlying cognitive and neurophysiological mechanisms. In the present article, we suggest that optimism bias and reward-related attention bias mutually enforce each other and recruit a common underlying neural network. Key components of this network include specific activations in the anterior and posterior cingulate cortex with connections to the amygdala. We further postulate that biased memory processes influence the interplay of optimism and reward-related attention bias. Studying such causal relations between cognitive biases reveals important information not only about normal functioning and adaptive neural pathways in maintaining mental health, but also about the development and maintenance of psychological diseases, thereby contributing to the effectiveness of treatment.
乐观偏见和与奖励相关的注意偏向都对幸福感和心理健康具有重要影响。然而，这两种偏见相互作用的程度尚不清楚，因为迄今为止，它们大多是孤立地讨论的。通过揭示它们的潜在认知和神经生理机制，研究这两种偏见之间的相互作用可以为神经认知研究开辟新的方向。在本文中，我们认为乐观偏见和与奖励相关的注意偏向相互加强，并招募一个共同的潜在神经网络。该网络的关键组成部分包括与杏仁核相连的前扣带和后扣带皮层的特定激活。我们进一步假设，有偏差的记忆过程会影响乐观和与奖励相关的注意偏向之间的相互作用。研究认知偏差之间的这种因果关系不仅可以揭示维持心理健康的正常功能和适应性神经通路的重要信息，还可以揭示心理疾病的发展和维持的信息，从而有助于提高治疗效果。
