Wingelaar Thijs T, van Ooij Pieter-Jan A M, van Hulst Rob A
Diving Medical Center, Royal Netherlands NavyDen Helder, Netherlands.
Department of Anaesthesiology, Academic Medical CenterAmsterdam, Netherlands.
Front Psychol. 2017 Jul 25;8:1263. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01263. eCollection 2017.
In Special Operations Forces (SOF) closed-circuit rebreathers with 100% oxygen are commonly utilized for covert diving operations. Exposure to high partial pressures of oxygen (PO) could cause damage to the central nervous system (CNS) and pulmonary system. Longer exposure time and higher PO leads to faster development of more serious pathology. Exposure to a PO above 1.4 ATA can cause CNS toxicity, leading to a wide range of neurologic complaints including convulsions. Pulmonary oxygen toxicity develops over time when exposed to a PO above 0.5 ATA and can lead to inflammation and fibrosis of lung tissue. Oxygen can also be toxic for the ocular system and may have systemic effects on the inflammatory system. Moreover, some of the effects of oxygen toxicity are irreversible. This paper describes the pathophysiology, epidemiology, signs and symptoms, risk factors and prediction models of oxygen toxicity, and their limitations on SOF diving.
在特种作战部队（SOF）中，100%氧气的闭路式再循环呼吸器通常用于秘密潜水行动。暴露于高氧分压（PO）可能会对中枢神经系统（CNS）和肺部系统造成损害。暴露时间越长、PO越高，更严重病理状况的发展就越快。暴露于高于1.4ATA的PO会导致CNS毒性，引发包括抽搐在内的一系列神经症状。当暴露于高于0.5ATA的PO时，肺部氧中毒会随着时间的推移而发展，并可能导致肺组织炎症和纤维化。氧气对眼部系统也可能有毒性，并且可能对炎症系统产生全身性影响。此外，氧中毒的一些影响是不可逆的。本文描述了氧中毒的病理生理学、流行病学、体征和症状、危险因素和预测模型，以及它们在特种作战部队潜水方面的局限性。
