Mittelman-Smith Melinda A, Rudolph Lauren M, Mohr Margaret A, Micevych Paul E
Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, The Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2017 Jul 24;8:165. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00165. eCollection 2017.
It is becoming clear that steroid hormones act not only by binding to nuclear receptors that associate with specific response elements in the nucleus but also by binding to receptors on the cell membrane. In this newly discovered manner, steroid hormones can initiate intracellular signaling cascades which elicit rapid effects such as release of internal calcium stores and activation of kinases. We have learned much about the translocation and signaling of steroid hormone receptors from investigations into estrogen receptor α, which can be trafficked to, and signal from, the cell membrane. It is now clear that progesterone (P4) can also elicit effects that cannot be exclusively explained by transcriptional changes. Similar to E2 and its receptors, P4 can initiate signaling at the cell membrane, both through progesterone receptor and via a host of newly discovered membrane receptors (e.g., membrane progesterone receptors, progesterone receptor membrane components). This review discusses the parallels between neurotransmitter-like E2 action and the more recently investigated non-classical P4 signaling, in the context of reproductive behaviors in the rodent.
越来越清楚的是，甾体激素不仅通过与细胞核中与特定反应元件相关联的核受体结合来发挥作用，还通过与细胞膜上的受体结合来发挥作用。以这种新发现的方式，甾体激素可以启动细胞内信号级联反应，引发诸如释放细胞内钙库和激活激酶等快速效应。通过对雌激素受体α的研究，我们对甾体激素受体的转运和信号传导有了很多了解，雌激素受体α可以转运到细胞膜并从细胞膜发出信号。现在很清楚，孕酮（P4）也能引发一些不能完全用转录变化来解释的效应。与E2及其受体类似，P4可以在细胞膜上启动信号传导，既可以通过孕酮受体，也可以通过一系列新发现的膜受体（例如，膜孕酮受体、孕酮受体膜组分）。本文综述了在啮齿动物生殖行为的背景下，类神经递质样E2作用与最近研究的非经典P4信号传导之间的相似之处。
