Khalafallah Mahmoud Tawfik, Aboshady Omar Ali, Moawed Shaban Ahmed, Ramadan Menna Said
Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt.
Dalaton Primary Health Centre, Ministry of Health, Egypt.
Avicenna J Med. 2017 Jul-Sep;7(3):96-102. doi: 10.4103/ajm.AJM_150_16.
Since its initial outbreak in 1976, Ebola virus disease (EVD) has affected thousands of people, causing severe illness with high mortality rates. In the absence of a vaccine or effective specific treatment, as well as the lack of early diagnostic and detective methods, the EVD outbreak has generated a significant worldwide health concern. Insufficient health-care system resources, deficient infection control measures, and the shortage of appropriate personal protective equipment acted as amplifiers of the outbreak extension, especially in poorly resourced and unprepared communities. Operating on the frontlines, health-care workers must be familiar, not only with the identification of the disease, but also with the ability to protect themselves and initiate the appropriate response. This review seeks to provide essential information required to identify and manage the disease, with an emphasis on pathogenesis, transmission, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. We conducted a literature search in MEDLINE/PubMed and Google Scholar using the following keywords: "Ebola, Ebola virus disease, Hemorrhagic Fever, Outbreak." We included all types of publications. To augment our study, we searched the reference lists of identified reviews.
自1976年首次爆发以来，埃博拉病毒病（EVD）已感染数千人，导致严重疾病，死亡率很高。由于缺乏疫苗或有效的特异性治疗方法，以及缺乏早期诊断和检测手段，埃博拉病毒病的爆发引起了全球范围内的重大健康关注。医疗系统资源不足、感染控制措施不力以及适当个人防护装备短缺，成为疫情蔓延的助推因素，在资源匮乏且毫无准备的社区尤为如此。奋战在一线的医护人员不仅必须熟悉疾病的识别，还必须具备自我保护能力并能采取适当应对措施。本综述旨在提供识别和管理该疾病所需的基本信息，重点关注发病机制、传播、诊断、治疗和预防。我们使用以下关键词在MEDLINE/PubMed和谷歌学术上进行了文献检索：“埃博拉、埃博拉病毒病、出血热、疫情”。我们纳入了所有类型的出版物。为充实我们的研究，我们还检索了已识别综述的参考文献清单。
