Institute of Genetics and Cytology, The National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Akademicheskaya st., 27, 220072 Minsk, Belarus.
Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Оsipovskogo str., 2A, 04123 Kyiv, Ukraine.
Cell Biol Int. 2019 Sep;43(9):1065-1071. doi: 10.1002/cbin.10837. Epub 2017 Sep 11.
Fiber flax is an important source of natural fiber and a comprehensive model for the plant fiber biogenesis studies. Cellulose-synthase (CesA) and cytoskeletal genes are known to be important for the cell wall biogenesis in general and for the biogenesis of flax fibers in particular. Currently, knowledge about activity of these genes during the plant growth is limited. In this study, we have investigated flax fiber biogenesis by measuring expression of CesA and cytoskeletal genes at two stages of the flax development (seedlings and stems at the rapid growth stage) in several flax subspecies (elongatum, mediterraneum, crepitans). RT-qPCR has been used to quantify the expression of LusСesA1, LusСesA4, LusСesA7, LusСesA6, Actin, and α-Tubulin genes in plant samples. We report that CesA genes responsible for the secondary cell wall synthesis (LusCesA4, LusCesA7) have different expression pattern compared with CesA genes responsible for the primary cell wall synthesis (LusCesA1, LusCesA6): an average expression of LusCesA4 and LusCesA7 genes is relatively high in seedlings and further increases in stems at the rapid growth stage, whereas an average expression of LusCesA1 and LusCesA6 genes decreases. Interestingly, LusCesA1 is the only studied gene with different expression dynamics between the flax subspecies: its expression decreases by 5.2-10.7 folds in elongatum and mediterraneum but does not change in crepitans subspecies when the rapid growth stage and seedlings are compared. The expression of cytoskeleton genes (coding actin and α-tubulin) is relatively stable and significantly higher than the expression of cellulose-synthase genes in all the studied samples.
亚麻纤维是天然纤维的重要来源，也是植物纤维生物发生研究的综合模式。已知纤维素合酶（CesA）和细胞骨架基因对于细胞壁生物发生以及亚麻纤维的生物发生特别重要。目前，关于这些基因在植物生长过程中的活性的知识是有限的。在这项研究中，我们通过在几个亚麻亚种（伸长型、地中海型、crepitans 型）的两个发育阶段（幼苗和快速生长阶段的茎）测量 CesA 和细胞骨架基因的表达，研究了亚麻纤维的生物发生。我们使用 RT-qPCR 来量化植物样品中 LusCesA1、LusCesA4、LusCesA7、LusCesA6、肌动蛋白和α-微管蛋白基因的表达。我们报告称，负责次生细胞壁合成的 CesA 基因（LusCesA4、LusCesA7）与负责初生细胞壁合成的 CesA 基因（LusCesA1、LusCesA6）的表达模式不同：LusCesA4 和 LusCesA7 基因的平均表达在幼苗中相对较高，并且在快速生长阶段的茎中进一步增加，而 LusCesA1 和 LusCesA6 基因的平均表达则下降。有趣的是，LusCesA1 是在亚麻亚种之间具有不同表达动态的唯一研究基因：与快速生长阶段和幼苗相比，其在伸长型和地中海型中的表达降低了 5.2-10.7 倍，但在 crepitans 亚种中没有变化。细胞骨架基因（编码肌动蛋白和α-微管蛋白）的表达相对稳定，并且在所有研究的样品中均显著高于纤维素合酶基因的表达。
