Liu Xiu, Chen Xuan, Wang Hui, Yang Qinqin, Ur Rehman Kashif, Li Wu, Cai Minmin, Li Qing, Mazza Lorenzo, Zhang Jibin, Yu Ziniu, Zheng Longyu
State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
Livestock and Dairy Development Department, Poultry Research Institute Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan.
PLoS One. 2017 Aug 10;12(8):e0182601. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182601. eCollection 2017.
Black soldier fly (BSF) larvae, Hermetia illucens L., develops on organic wastes, reducing ecological pollution and converting waste biomass into protein and fat rich insect biomass. BSF can replace increasingly expensive protein sources used in poultry, aquaculture and livestock compound diet formulation, such as fish meal and soybean meal, which holds the potential to alleviate future food and feed insecurity. The fate of nutritional spectra in BSF during its life cycle phases is still poorly understood. This study assessed metabolic changes in nutrition composition of BSF from egg to adult. A rapid increase of crude fat content was observed since the development of 4-14 days of larvae with its maximum level reaching 28.4% in dry mass, whereas the crude protein displayed a continuous decreasing trend in the same development phases with minimum level of 38% at larval phase (12 days) and peak level of 46.2% at early pupa stage. A sharp drop in crude fat was noticed from early prepupae to late pupae (24.2%, 8.2% respectively). However crude protein shows its maximum value being 57.6% at postmortem adult stage with 21.6% fat level. In addition, fatty acids, amino acids, minerals and vitamins composition in different development stages of BSF were presented and compared. Findings from this study could provide podium to food and feed industry for framing a strategy for specific molecular nutritional component intake into the diets of humans, aquaculture and animals. It is also indicated that BSF is a possible insect which can be applied to combating the food scarcity of countries where micronutrient deficiency is prevalent. Moreover it contributes to advance exploring for developmental and metabolic biology of this edible insect.
黑水虻幼虫（Hermetia illucens L.）以有机废物为食，减少了生态污染，并将废弃生物质转化为富含蛋白质和脂肪的昆虫生物质。黑水虻可以替代家禽、水产养殖和家畜复合饲料配方中日益昂贵的蛋白质来源，如鱼粉和豆粕，这有可能缓解未来的粮食和饲料不安全问题。目前人们对黑水虻生命周期各阶段营养成分的变化情况仍知之甚少。本研究评估了黑水虻从卵到成虫阶段营养成分的代谢变化。在幼虫发育4至14天期间，粗脂肪含量迅速增加，干重最高达到28.4%，而粗蛋白在相同发育阶段呈持续下降趋势，幼虫期（12天）最低水平为38%，蛹前期最高水平为46.2%。从预蛹前期到蛹后期，粗脂肪含量急剧下降（分别为24.2%、8.2%）。然而，成虫死后阶段粗蛋白含量最高，为57.6%，脂肪含量为21.6%。此外，还展示并比较了黑水虻不同发育阶段的脂肪酸、氨基酸、矿物质和维生素成分。本研究结果可为食品和饲料行业制定人类、水产养殖和动物饮食中特定分子营养成分摄入策略提供依据。这也表明，黑水虻是一种可能适用于解决微量营养素缺乏普遍国家粮食短缺问题的昆虫。此外，它有助于推动对这种可食用昆虫发育和代谢生物学的探索。
