University of Westminster, London, UK.
University of Southampton, UK.
J Atten Disord. 2020 Nov;24(13):1847-1856. doi: 10.1177/1087054717723988. Epub 2017 Aug 11.
To test explanations for the underrecognition of female ADHD by examining differences in adult ratings of boys and girls matched for levels of directly observed ADHD behaviors. In a secondary analysis of a population-based sample, 3- to 4-year-olds ( = 153, 79 male) and 8- to 9-year-olds ( = 144, 75 male) were grouped according to levels of directly observed ADHD behaviors (low/moderate/high). Groups were then compared with parent/teacher ADHD ratings. There were no sex differences in levels of directly observed ADHD behaviors within groups. For preschoolers, parents' ratings of males, but not females, significantly increased across groups-mirroring levels of observed behaviors. For older children, both parent and teacher mean ratings were significantly higher for males than females across groups. Identified differences in adult ratings of males and females matched for directly observed behaviors may contribute to understanding the substantial ADHD underrecognition in females.
为了通过比较直接观察到的 ADHD 行为水平相匹配的男孩和女孩的成人评定差异，来检验女性 ADHD 被低估的原因。在一项基于人群的样本的二次分析中，根据直接观察到的 ADHD 行为水平（低/中/高），将 3 至 4 岁儿童（=153 名，男性 79 名）和 8 至 9 岁儿童（=144 名，男性 75 名）分组。然后将这些组与父母/教师的 ADHD 评定进行比较。在组内，直接观察到的 ADHD 行为水平没有性别差异。对于学龄前儿童，父母对男孩的评定（但不是女孩）在各个组中显著增加，与观察到的行为水平相吻合。对于年龄较大的儿童，在各个组中，父母和教师的平均评分都显著高于女孩。在直接观察到的行为相匹配的男孩和女孩的成人评定方面发现的差异，可能有助于理解女性 ADHD 被严重低估的原因。
