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未被发现和承受压力?ADHD 儿童的父母和教师对 ADHD 症状的评定差异以及与感知压力的关联:性别差异。

Unseen and Stressed? Gender Differences in Parent and Teacher Ratings of ADHD Symptoms and Associations With Perceived Stress in Children With ADHD.

机构信息

Uppsala University, Sweden.

Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

出版信息

J Atten Disord. 2020 Sep;24(11):1565-1569. doi: 10.1177/1087054716658381. Epub 2016 Jul 7.

Abstract

In this study, we investigate the differences between parent and teacher ADHD ratings, and how these ratings relate to perceived stress in children with ADHD. Ratings by parents and teachers with the Swanson, Nolan and Pelham ADHD symptom rating scale (SNAP-IV) were collected from children with a clinical diagnosis of ADHD ( = 137). Also, information on medication was collected. Children (≥11 years of age; = 64) were invited to complete the Pressure-Activation-Stress scale. Among girls, but not boys, teacher ratings were significantly lower than parental ratings on all symptom scales. Lower teacher ratings on hyperactivity symptoms were associated with higher levels of perceived stress. The findings suggest a potential gender bias in ratings among teachers. Underrated, and hence underidentified, ADHD problems in the school setting seem to increase the perception of stress in the sense of pressure for both girls and boys.

摘要

在这项研究中,我们调查了父母和教师 ADHD 评定之间的差异,以及这些评定与 ADHD 儿童感知到的压力之间的关系。从被临床诊断为 ADHD 的儿童(n=137)的父母和教师那里收集了 Swanson、Nolan 和 Pelham ADHD 症状评定量表(SNAP-IV)的评定信息。还收集了关于药物治疗的信息。邀请年龄≥11 岁的儿童(n=64)完成压力激活应激量表。在女孩中,但不是男孩中,教师评定在所有症状量表上均显著低于父母评定。教师对多动症状的评定较低与感知到的压力水平较高有关。研究结果表明,教师的评定可能存在性别偏见。在学校环境中,ADHD 问题被低估,因此未被识别出来,这似乎增加了女孩和男孩的压力感。

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