Schlaud Martin, Schmitz Roma, Poethko-Müller Christina, Kuhnert Ronny
Robert Koch Institute, Dept. of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Berlin, Germany.
Robert Koch Institute, Dept. of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Berlin, Germany.
Vaccine. 2017 Sep 12;35(38):5156-5162. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.07.111. Epub 2017 Aug 8.
The study focused on the question of whether and - if so - to what direction and extent immunisations in the 1st year may be associated with the risk of being diagnosed with atopic diseases after the 1st year of life.
Data from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS, 2003-2006) were analysed. For analyses of potential associations between vaccination status and risk of hay fever, atopic dermatitis or asthma, sample sizes of 15254, 14297, and 15262, respectively, were available.
Children with a sufficient TDPHiHeP vaccination at the end of the 1st year of life had a lower risk of being diagnosed with hay fever after the 1st year of life (adjusted prevalence ratio 0.85, 95% confidence interval 0.76-0.96). Analyses for associations between TDPHiHeP vaccination and risk of atopic dermatitis or asthma, or between age at onset of vaccination or of the number of antigens vaccinated in the 1st year of life and risk of atopic disease failed to yield statistical significance.
Our results provide no evidence that immunisations in the 1st year of life may increase the risk of atopic disease. If any association exists at all, our results may be interpreted as weakly supportive of the hypothesis that immunisations may slightly decrease the risk of atopy in later life.
该研究聚焦于出生后第一年的免疫接种是否（若存在关联）会在何种方向及程度上与一岁后被诊断出患有特应性疾病的风险相关这一问题。
对德国儿童和青少年健康访谈与检查调查（KiGGS，2003 - 2006年）的数据进行了分析。为分析疫苗接种状况与花粉症、特应性皮炎或哮喘风险之间的潜在关联，分别有15254、14297和15262的样本量可供使用。
在一岁末完成充分的白喉、破伤风、无细胞百日咳、乙型肝炎和脊髓灰质炎疫苗（TDPHiHeP）接种的儿童，一岁后被诊断出患有花粉症的风险较低（调整患病率比为0.85，95%置信区间为0.76 - 0.96）。对TDPHiHeP疫苗接种与特应性皮炎或哮喘风险之间的关联分析，以及对一岁时开始接种疫苗的年龄或接种抗原数量与特应性疾病风险之间的关联分析，均未得出统计学意义。
我们的结果没有提供证据表明一岁时的免疫接种可能会增加患特应性疾病的风险。如果确实存在任何关联，我们的结果可被解释为对免疫接种可能会在一定程度上降低日后患特应性疾病风险这一假设提供了微弱支持。
