Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Holy Cross Centre, Room 515C, Box ACB, 2210 2nd Street S.W., Calgary, AB, T2S 3C3, Canada.
Department of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Clin Transl Oncol. 2018 Mar;20(3):259-273. doi: 10.1007/s12094-017-1735-x. Epub 2017 Aug 11.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents a significant health burden worldwide, comprising approximately 10% of annual cancer cases globally. Hepatic metastases are the most common site of CRC metastasis, and are the leading cause of death in CRC patients. There is strong epidemiologic evidence for an inverse association between vitamin D status and risk of CRC; however, the role of vitamin D in the natural history of liver metastases has not yet been investigated. Several researchers have proposed hallmarks of metastases; crucially, metastases can be blocked by interrupting just one rate-limiting step. Vitamin D status has been implicated in each proposed hallmark of metastasis. The aim of this review is to examine the potential role for vitamin D in reducing the development of hepatic metastases from CRC and outline the candidate mechanisms by which vitamin D may mediate these effects. The results of ongoing randomised intervention trials are eagerly awaited to determine whether addressing vitamin D insufficiency in CRC patients could reduce the occurrence of liver metastases, and the consequent morbidity and mortality.
结直肠癌（CRC）是全球范围内的重大健康负担，约占全球癌症病例的 10%。肝转移是 CRC 转移最常见的部位，也是 CRC 患者死亡的主要原因。有强有力的流行病学证据表明维生素 D 状态与 CRC 风险之间呈负相关；然而，维生素 D 在肝转移的自然史中的作用尚未得到研究。一些研究人员提出了转移的特征标志；至关重要的是，通过阻断一个限速步骤就可以阻止转移。维生素 D 状态与每个提出的转移特征标志都有关联。本综述的目的是探讨维生素 D 在减少 CRC 肝转移发展中的潜在作用，并概述维生素 D 可能通过哪些机制介导这些作用。目前正在进行随机干预试验，迫切需要这些试验的结果来确定在 CRC 患者中解决维生素 D 不足是否可以减少肝转移的发生，以及由此产生的发病率和死亡率。
