Waite Jane, Rose John, Wilde Lucy, Eden Kate, Stinton Chris, Moss Jo, Oliver Chris
Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, UK.
School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, UK.
Br J Clin Psychol. 2017 Nov;56(4):408-430. doi: 10.1111/bjc.12146. Epub 2017 Aug 12.
This study examined parental perceptions of behaviours that challenge (CB) in their adult children with intellectual disability (ID), and explored whether perceptions mediated associations between CB and parental psychological distress.
A within-group correlational design was employed.
Sixty-five parents reported on individuals with genetic syndromes and ID who had chronic CB. Parents completed the Illness Perception Questionnaire-Revised (IPQ-R) adapted to measure perceptions of self-injury, aggression or property destruction, alongside assessments of parental locus of control, attributions about behaviour, parental psychological distress, and CB.
A high proportion of parents evidenced anxiety and depression at clinically significant levels (56.9% and 30.8%, respectively). Contrary to predictions, psychological distress was not significantly associated with CB. The perception that the adult with ID exerted control over the parent's life mediated the association between CB and parental psychological distress. Few parents endorsed operant reinforcement as a cause of CB (< 10%).
The high levels of psychological distress in parents is notable and of concern. Further research should consider the reasons why parents have causal attributions that might be inconsistent with contemporary interventions.
Parents experience high levels of psychological distress while supporting adults with ID who engage in chronic behaviours that challenge. A stronger belief that the adult with ID exerts control over the parent's life may mediate an association between CB exhibited by the individual with ID and parental psychological distress. Few parents endorsed operant reinforcement as a cause of behaviours that challenge.
本研究调查了智障（ID）成年子女出现挑战性行为（CB）时父母的看法，并探讨这些看法是否在CB与父母心理困扰之间的关联中起中介作用。
采用组内相关设计。
65位父母报告了患有遗传性综合征和ID且有慢性CB的个体情况。父母完成了经修订的疾病认知问卷（IPQ-R），该问卷用于测量对自我伤害、攻击或财产破坏行为的认知，同时还进行了父母控制点、行为归因、父母心理困扰和CB的评估。
很大比例的父母表现出具有临床意义的焦虑和抑郁（分别为56.9%和30.8%）。与预测相反，心理困扰与CB没有显著关联。智障成年人对父母生活有控制权这一认知在CB与父母心理困扰之间的关联中起中介作用。很少有父母认可操作性强化是CB的一个原因（<10%）。
父母心理困扰程度之高值得关注。进一步的研究应考虑父母的因果归因可能与当代干预措施不一致的原因。
在支持有慢性挑战行为的智障成年人时，父母会经历高度的心理困扰。更强烈地认为智障成年人对父母生活有控制权，可能会在智障个体表现出的CB与父母心理困扰之间的关联中起中介作用。很少有父母认可操作性强化是挑战行为的一个原因。
