Edward P. Fitts Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, United States.
Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, United States.
Appl Ergon. 2017 Nov;65:70-80. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2017.06.001. Epub 2017 Jun 12.
The objective of this research was to quantify the effects of driver age, ramp signage configuration, including number of panels, logo format and sign familiarity, on driver performance and attention allocation when exiting freeways. Sixty drivers participated in a simulator study and analysis of variance models were used to assess response effects of the controlled manipulations. Results revealed elderly drivers to demonstrate worse performance and conservative control strategies as compared to middle-aged and young drivers. Elderly drivers also exhibited lower off-road fixation frequency and shorter off-road glance durations compared to middle-aged and young drivers. In general, drivers adopted a more conservative strategy when exposed to nine-panel signs as compared to six-panel signs and were more accurate in target detection when searching six-panels vs. nine and with familiar vs. unfamiliar logos. These findings provide an applicable guide for agency design of freeway ramp signage accounting for driver demographics.
本研究的目的是量化驾驶员年龄、匝道标志配置（包括面板数量、标志格式和标志熟悉度）对驾驶员驶离高速公路时的表现和注意力分配的影响。60 名驾驶员参与了一项模拟研究，方差分析模型用于评估受控操作的反应效果。结果表明，与中青年人相比，老年驾驶员表现较差，控制策略也较为保守。与中青年人相比，老年驾驶员的路边注视频率也较低，路边注视时间也较短。一般来说，与六面板标志相比，驾驶员在遇到九面板标志时会采取更为保守的策略，并且在寻找六面板标志和熟悉的标志时，目标检测的准确率更高。这些发现为考虑驾驶员人口统计特征的高速公路匝道标志设计提供了实用指南。
