Rektorová Irena, Anderková Ľubomíra
School of Medicine and Movement Disorders Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Applied Neuroscience Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology, CEITEC MU, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
School of Medicine and Movement Disorders Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Applied Neuroscience Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology, CEITEC MU, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
Int Rev Neurobiol. 2017;134:1091-1110. doi: 10.1016/bs.irn.2017.05.009. Epub 2017 Jun 9.
Transcranial noninvasive brain stimulation includes both repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). TMS uses a rapidly changing magnetic field to induce currents and action potentials in underlying brain tissue, whereas tDCS involves the application of weak electrical currents to modulate neuronal membrane potential. In this chapter, we provide a literature review with a focus on the therapeutic potential of both techniques in the treatment of nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). On the whole, the results of studies are rather preliminary but promising as they show some positive effects of rTMS and tDCS particularly on depressive symptoms and cognitive dysfunctions in PD. More carefully controlled trials with standardized methodology, adequately sized and well-characterized samples, and the inclusion of multimodal approaches are warranted in the future.
经颅无创脑刺激包括重复经颅磁刺激（rTMS）和经颅直流电刺激（tDCS）。rTMS利用快速变化的磁场在大脑深层组织中诱导电流和动作电位，而tDCS则是通过施加弱电流来调节神经元膜电位。在本章中，我们提供了一篇文献综述，重点关注这两种技术在治疗帕金森病（PD）非运动症状方面的治疗潜力。总体而言，研究结果相当初步，但很有前景，因为它们显示出rTMS和tDCS对PD的抑郁症状和认知功能障碍有一些积极作用。未来有必要进行更严格控制的试验，采用标准化方法、足够大且特征明确的样本，并纳入多模式方法。
