High Levels of Daytime Molecular Chlorine and Nitryl Chloride at a Rural Site on the North China Plain.

Molecular chlorine (Cl) and nitryl chloride (ClNO) concentrations were measured using chemical ionization mass spectrometry at a rural site over the North China Plain during June 2014. High levels of daytime Cl up to ∼450 pptv were observed. The average diurnal Cl mixing ratios showed a maximum around noon at ∼100 pptv. ClNO exhibited a strong diurnal variation with early morning maxima reaching ppbv levels and afternoon minima sustained above 60 pptv. A moderate correlation (R = 0.31) between Cl and sulfur dioxide was observed, perhaps indicating a role for power plant emissions in the generation of the observed chlorine. We also observed a strong correlation (R = 0.83) between daytime (10:00-20:00) Cl and ClNO, which implies that both of them were formed from a similar mechanism. In addition, Cl production is likely associated with a photochemical mechanism as Cl concentrations varied with ozone (O) levels. The impact of Cl and ClNO as Cl atom sources is investigated using a photochemical box model. We estimated that the produced Cl atoms oxidized slightly more alkanes than OH radicals and enhanced the daily concentrations of peroxy radicals by 15% and the O production rate by 19%.