Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT, CONICET-UNC) e Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Cordoba, CP, 5000, Argentina.
NEIKER-Tecnalia, Arkaute Agrifood Campus, Departamento de Producción Animal, Vitoria-Gasteiz E-01080 e IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
Sci Rep. 2017 Aug 14;7(1):8102. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-08733-0.
Immune-neuroendocrine phenotypes (INPs) stand for population subgroups differing in immune-neuroendocrine interactions. While mammalian INPs have been characterized thoroughly in rats and humans, avian INPs were only recently described in Coturnix coturnix (quail). To assess the scope of this biological phenomenon, herein we characterized INPs in Gallus gallus (a domestic hen strain submitted to a very long history of strong selective breeding pressure) and evaluated whether a social chronic stress challenge modulates the individuals' interplay affecting the INP subsets and distribution. Evaluating plasmatic basal corticosterone, interferon-γ and interleukin-4 concentrations, innate/acquired leukocyte ratio, PHA-P skin-swelling and induced antibody responses, two opposite INP profiles were found: LEWIS-like (15% of the population) and FISCHER-like (16%) hens. After chronic stress, an increment of about 12% in each polarized INP frequency was found at expenses of a reduction in the number of birds with intermediate responses. Results show that polarized INPs are also a phenomenon occurring in hens. The observed inter-individual variation suggest that, even after a considerable selection process, the population is still well prepared to deal with a variety of immune-neuroendocrine challenges. Stress promoted disruptive effects, leading to a more balanced INPs distribution, which represents a new substrate for challenging situations.
免疫神经内分泌表型 (INPs) 代表了在免疫神经内分泌相互作用方面存在差异的人群亚组。虽然哺乳动物的 INPs 在大鼠和人类中已经得到了充分的描述，但禽类的 INPs 直到最近才在 Coturnix coturnix（鹌鹑）中被描述。为了评估这一生物学现象的范围，本文我们在 Gallus gallus（一种经过长期强烈选择性育种压力的家鸡品系）中描述了 INPs，并评估了慢性社会压力挑战是否会调节个体间的相互作用，从而影响 INP 亚群和分布。评估基础血浆皮质酮、干扰素-γ 和白细胞介素-4 浓度、固有/获得性白细胞比、PHA-P 皮肤肿胀和诱导的抗体反应，发现了两种相反的 INP 表型：LEWIS 样（占人群的 15%）和 FISCHER 样（占 16%）母鸡。慢性应激后，每种极化 INP 的频率增加了约 12%，而具有中间反应的鸟类数量减少。结果表明，极化 INPs 也是发生在家禽中的一种现象。观察到的个体间变异表明，即使经过相当的选择过程，该群体仍然能够很好地应对各种免疫神经内分泌挑战。应激产生了破坏性的影响，导致 INPs 分布更加平衡，这为应对挑战提供了新的基础。
