Tehrani-Bagha Ali Reza, Holmberg Krister
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg SE-412 96, Sweden.
Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran 16765-654, Iran.
Materials (Basel). 2013 Feb 21;6(2):580-608. doi: 10.3390/ma6020580.
In this paper, the use of surfactants for solubilization of hydrophobic organic dyes (mainly solvent and disperse dyes) has been reviewed. The effect of parameters such as the chemical structures of the surfactant and the dye, addition of salt and of polyelectrolytes, pH, and temperature on dye solubilization has been discussed. Surfactant self-assemble into micelles in aqueous solution and below the concentration where this occurs-the critical micelle concentration (CMC)-there is no solubilization. Above the CMC, the amount of solubilized dye increases linearly with the increase in surfactant concentration. It is demonstrated that different surfactants work best for different dyes. In general, nonionic surfactants have higher solubilization power than anionic and cationic surfactants. It is likely that the reason for the good performance of nonionic surfactants is that they allow dyes to be accommodated not only in the inner, hydrocarbon part of the micelle but also in the headgroup shell. It is demonstrated that the location of a dye in a surfactant micelle can be assessed from the absorption spectrum of the dye-containing micellar solution.
本文综述了表面活性剂用于增溶疏水性有机染料（主要是溶剂染料和分散染料）的情况。讨论了诸如表面活性剂和染料的化学结构、盐和聚电解质的添加、pH值以及温度等参数对染料增溶的影响。表面活性剂在水溶液中自组装形成胶束，在低于此发生浓度——临界胶束浓度（CMC）时，不存在增溶现象。高于CMC时，增溶染料的量随表面活性剂浓度的增加呈线性增加。结果表明，不同的表面活性剂对不同的染料效果最佳。一般来说，非离子表面活性剂比阴离子和阳离子表面活性剂具有更高的增溶能力。非离子表面活性剂表现良好的原因可能是它们不仅能使染料容纳在胶束内部的烃类部分，还能容纳在头基壳层中。结果表明，可从含染料胶束溶液的吸收光谱评估染料在表面活性剂胶束中的位置。
