Alley William M, Clark Brian R, Ely David M, Faunt Claudia C
National Ground Water Association, 601 Dempsey Road, Westerville, OH, 43081.
U.S. Geological Survey, Little Rock, AR.
Ground Water. 2018 Mar;56(2):266-275. doi: 10.1111/gwat.12578. Epub 2017 Aug 15.
The increased availability of global datasets and technologies such as global hydrologic models and the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites have resulted in a growing number of global-scale assessments of water availability using simple indices of water stress. Developed initially for surface water, such indices are increasingly used to evaluate global groundwater resources. We compare indices of groundwater development stress for three major agricultural areas of the United States to information available from regional water budgets developed from detailed groundwater modeling. These comparisons illustrate the potential value of regional-scale analyses to supplement global hydrological models and GRACE analyses of groundwater depletion. Regional-scale analyses allow assessments of water stress that better account for scale effects, the dynamics of groundwater flow systems, the complexities of irrigated agricultural systems, and the laws, regulations, engineering, and socioeconomic factors that govern groundwater use. Strategic use of regional-scale models with global-scale analyses would greatly enhance knowledge of the global groundwater depletion problem.
全球数据集以及诸如全球水文模型和重力恢复与气候实验（GRACE）卫星等技术的可用性不断提高，使得越来越多的人使用简单的水资源压力指数对全球水资源可用性进行评估。这些指数最初是为地表水开发的，现在越来越多地用于评估全球地下水资源。我们将美国三个主要农业地区的地下水开发压力指数与通过详细地下水模型得出的区域水预算中的可用信息进行比较。这些比较说明了区域尺度分析对于补充全球水文模型和GRACE地下水枯竭分析的潜在价值。区域尺度分析能够对水资源压力进行评估，从而更好地考虑尺度效应、地下水流系统的动态、灌溉农业系统的复杂性以及管理地下水使用的法律法规、工程和社会经济因素。将区域尺度模型与全球尺度分析进行战略性结合使用，将大大增强对全球地下水枯竭问题的认识。
