Ramczykowski Tim, Schildhauer Thomas A
Z Orthop Unfall. 2017 Aug;155(4):477-498. doi: 10.1055/s-0042-122394. Epub 2017 Aug 16.
Despite modern conservative and surgical procedures, the number of amputations of the lower limb remains at a consistently high level. With the demographic changes and the consequent prevalence of atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus, there is a steady increase of the risk factors that can lead to an amputation. The cause, which ultimately leads to the loss of the affected limb is therefore a symptom of the underlying disease. Primarily, the purpose of any medical treatment is the prevention of any amputation. If the preservation of the limb is not achievable, the surgical procedure follows. In principle the preparation of the stump should be as peripheral as possible. The actual prosthetic fitting starts with the dimension and the impression (negative-copy) of the prosthesis a few weeks following surgery. The technical requirements of a prosthesis will depend on the degree of mobility and the medical history of the patient. Prosthetic adjustments are available for all amputation levels and activities. The essential basic modules of a modern prosthesis can be combined and exchanged freely, so as to allow a change of function, form and axis. The aim of rehabilitation is the full reintegration into daily life. Especially young patients can provide amazing professional and athletic achievements.
尽管有现代保守治疗和外科手术，但下肢截肢的数量仍一直处于较高水平。随着人口结构的变化以及随之而来的动脉粥样硬化和糖尿病患病率的上升，可导致截肢的风险因素在稳步增加。因此，最终导致患肢丧失的原因是潜在疾病的一种症状。任何医学治疗的主要目的都是预防截肢。如果无法保住肢体，则进行外科手术。原则上，残端的准备应尽可能靠近外周。实际的假肢适配在手术后几周从假肢的尺寸和印模（阴模）开始。假肢的技术要求将取决于患者的活动程度和病史。针对所有截肢水平和活动都有假肢调整。现代假肢的基本模块可以自由组合和更换，以便实现功能、形状和轴线的改变。康复的目标是完全重新融入日常生活。尤其是年轻患者能够取得惊人的职业和运动成就。
