Lambert Anthony J, Wilkie Jaimie, Greenwood Andrea, Ryckman Nathan, Sciberras-Lim Evatte, Booker Laura-Jane, Tahara-Eckl Lenore
Research Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience and School of Psychology, University of Auckland.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2018 Mar;44(3):412-432. doi: 10.1037/xhp0000474. Epub 2017 Aug 17.
To what extent are shifts of attention driven by encoding of , associated with useful locations, or by encoding of environmental cues that act as , providing information about where to look next? In Experiment 1 we found that when cues were presented with a long exposure time (300 ms) attention shifts were driven by the symbolic identity of cue stimuli, independently of their visual-spatial (landmark) features; but when cues were exposed very briefly, (66 ms), attention shifts were independent of symbolic information, and were driven instead by visual landmark features. This unexpected finding was interpreted in terms of the transient and sustained response characteristics of the M-cell and P-cell inputs to the dorsal and ventral visual streams, respectively, and informed our theoretical proposal that attentional effects elicited by visual-spatial landmarks may be driven by dorsal stream ("") encoding; while attentional effects driven by the symbolic identity of cues may be driven by ventral stream ("") encoding. Detailed predictions derived from this proposal, and based on distinct physiological properties of the 2 visual streams were tested and confirmed in Experiments 2-6. Our results suggest that a 2-process view of attention shifting can be integrated with dual-stream models of vision. According to this unified theory: (a) Landmarks associated with visually useful locations elicit rapid, nonconscious shifts of attention, via nonsemantic, dorsal visual stream encoding of their features and spatial relationships; (b) Slower, endogenous shifts of attention are elicited by ventral visual stream encoding of symbolic-semantic information. (PsycINFO Database Record
注意力的转移在多大程度上是由对与有用位置相关的信息进行编码驱动的，或者是由作为引导物的环境线索的编码驱动的，这些线索提供了关于下一步看向何处的信息？在实验1中，我们发现当线索以较长的暴露时间（300毫秒）呈现时，注意力转移是由线索刺激的符号身份驱动的，与它们的视觉空间（地标）特征无关；但是当线索非常短暂地暴露（66毫秒）时，注意力转移与符号信息无关，而是由视觉地标特征驱动。这一意外发现根据M细胞和P细胞分别向背侧和腹侧视觉流输入的瞬态和持续反应特性进行了解释，并为我们的理论提议提供了依据，即视觉空间地引发的注意力效应可能由背侧流（“ ”）编码驱动；而由线索的符号身份驱动的注意力效应可能由腹侧流（“ ”）编码驱动。从该提议推导并基于两个视觉流的不同生理特性得出的详细预测在实验2 - 6中得到了测试和证实。我们的结果表明，注意力转移的双过程观点可以与视觉的双流模型相结合。根据这一统一理论：（a）与视觉上有用位置相关的地标通过对其特征和空间关系的非语义背侧视觉流编码，引发快速、无意识的注意力转移；（b）较慢的内源性注意力转移是由腹侧视觉流对符号语义信息的编码引发的。（PsycINFO数据库记录）
