Guerranti Cristiana, Perra Guido, Alessi Eva, Baroni Davide, Caserta Dante, Caserta Donatella, De Sanctis Augusto, Fanello Emiliano Leonida, La Rocca Cinzia, Mariottini Michela, Renzi Monia, Tait Sabrina, Zaghi Carlo, Mantovani Alberto, Focardi Silvano Ettore
Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100, Siena, Italy.
Bioscience Research Center, Via Aurelia Vecchia, 32, 58015, Orbetello, GR, Italy.
Environ Monit Assess. 2017 Aug 18;189(9):456. doi: 10.1007/s10661-017-6165-2.
The PREVIENI project (funded by the Ministry of Environment) investigated the exposure to endocrine disrupters in samples of human population and environmental biota in Italy. The environmental biomonitoring considered two Italian WWF Oasis, with the aim to compare the presence and effects of endocrine disruptors in organisms from two protected natural areas, respectively, upstream and downstream a chemical emission site. Chemical analysis of pollutants' tissue levels was made on tissues from earthworm, barbell, trout, and coot, selected as bioindicator organisms. The contaminants considered were as follows: the perfluorinated compounds perfuoroctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs 58 congeners), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs, 13 congeners), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs, 16 compounds), toxic trace elements, the phthalate di-2-ethylexyl phthalate (DEHP) and its primary metabolite, bisphenol A, synthetic musk compounds (musk xylene, musk ketone, tonalide, and galaxolide), and p-nonylphenol. The analyses showed low concentrations of most pollutants in all species from both areas, compared to available literature; noticeable exceptions were the increases of DEHP's primary metabolite, PBDE, PAHs, Hg, and Pb in barbells, and of PCB and Cd in earthworms from the downstream area. The results showed the presence of endocrine disruptors, including those considered as "non-persistent," in bioindicators from protected areas, albeit at low levels. The results provide a contribution to the evaluation of reference values in biota from Mediterranean Europe and support the relevance of monitoring exposure to pollutants, in particular for freshwater environment, also in protected areas.
PREVIENI项目（由环境部资助）调查了意大利人群样本和环境生物群中内分泌干扰物的暴露情况。环境生物监测选取了两个意大利世界自然基金会绿洲，旨在比较来自两个受保护自然区域（分别位于一个化学排放源的上游和下游）的生物体内内分泌干扰物的存在情况及其影响。对作为生物指示生物的蚯蚓、棒鱼、鳟鱼和白骨顶鸡的组织进行了污染物组织水平的化学分析。所考虑的污染物如下：全氟化合物全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）和全氟辛酸（PFOA）、多氯联苯（58种同系物）、多溴二苯醚（PBDEs，13种同系物）、多环芳烃（PAHs，16种化合物）、有毒微量元素、邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP）及其主要代谢物、双酚A、合成麝香化合物（二甲苯麝香、酮麝香、吐纳麝香和佳乐麝香）以及对壬基酚。与现有文献相比，分析表明两个区域所有物种中大多数污染物的浓度都较低；明显的例外是下游区域棒鱼体内DEHP主要代谢物、PBDE、PAHs、汞和铅的增加，以及蚯蚓体内多氯联苯和镉的增加。结果表明，保护区的生物指示生物中存在内分泌干扰物，包括那些被认为是“非持久性”的内分泌干扰物，尽管含量较低。这些结果有助于评估地中海欧洲生物群的参考值，并支持监测污染物暴露的相关性，特别是对于淡水环境，在保护区也是如此。
