Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, 298 Life Science Building, 3101 S. Dearborn St., Chicago, IL 60616, USA.
USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Genetics Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
Curr Opin Insect Sci. 2017 Jun;21:68-74. doi: 10.1016/j.cois.2017.04.005. Epub 2017 May 22.
Gene flow via immigration affects rate of evolution of resistance to a pest management tactic, while emigration from a resistant population can spread resistance alleles spatially. Whether resistance detected across the landscape reflects ongoing de novo evolution in different hotspots or spread from a single focal population can determine the most effective mitigation strategy. Pest dispersal dynamics determine the spatio-temporal scale at which mitigation tactics must be applied to contain or reverse resistance in an area. Independent evolution of resistance in different populations appears common but not universal. Conversely, spatial spread appears to be almost inevitable. However, rate and scale of spread depends largely on dispersal dynamics and interplay with factors such as fitness costs, spatially variable selection pressure and whether resistance alleles are spreading through an established population or being carried by populations colonizing new territory.
基因流动通过移民影响抗害虫管理策略的进化速度，而从抗性种群的移民则可以在空间上传播抗性等位基因。在景观中检测到的抗性是否反映了不同热点地区正在进行的从头进化，或者是否从单个焦点种群传播，可以决定最有效的缓解策略。害虫扩散动态决定了必须在特定时空尺度上应用缓解策略来控制或逆转某个区域内的抗性。不同种群中抗性的独立进化似乎很常见，但并非普遍现象。相反，空间传播似乎几乎是不可避免的。然而，传播的速度和范围在很大程度上取决于扩散动态以及与适应性成本、空间变化的选择压力以及抗性等位基因是通过已建立的种群传播还是通过殖民新领土的种群传播等因素的相互作用。
