Smith Rebecca L, Hayes Sarah E, Smith Paul, Dickens Jeremy K
Fundación Para La Tierra, Pilar, Ñeembucú, Paraguay.
School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Ave, Aberdeen, UK.
Primates. 2018 Jan;59(1):79-88. doi: 10.1007/s10329-017-0626-7. Epub 2017 Aug 20.
Wild primates can spend up to half of their lives sleeping, during which time they are subjected to many of the same selective pressures that they face when awake. Choosing an appropriate sleeping site can thus have important fitness consequences. We examined the sleeping site preferences of wild hooded capuchins (Sapajus cay) in a small degraded fragment of the Upper Paraná Atlantic Forest at Rancho Laguna Blanca (RLB) in eastern Paraguay. Sleeping trees and sites were identified during 5 months of field observations and their physical characteristics were compared to those of non-sleeping trees and sites. Capuchins preferred larger emergent trees with more main and forked branches, no lianas and denser undergrowth directly below. These were found in sites of more mature forest with fewer small trees, less liana coverage and denser undergrowth but more fruiting trees. The species composition of the sleeping sites differed from that of the non-sleeping sites and was dominated by Albizia niopoides (Mimosaceae) as well as Peltophorum dubium (Fabaceae) and Anadenanthera colubrina (Fabaceae). The capuchins were found to sleep most often in these three tree species: 69.23% in Albizia niopoides (Mimosaceae), 11.54% in Peltophorum dubium (Fabaceae) and 11.54% in Anadenanthera colubrina (Fabaceae). We found evidence for the predator avoidance, thermoregulatory, social contact and feeding site proximity hypotheses. We found no support for parasite avoidance, given the reuse of sites, although the small size of the forest fragment may have restricted this. Their preference for older-growth forest suggests that selective logging impacts hooded capuchins. However, their persistence in a disturbed fragment shows they are highly adaptable, providing support for the value of conservation and reforestation of even small fragments of the Paraguayan Upper Paraná Atlantic Forest.
野生灵长类动物一生中可能有多达一半的时间在睡觉，在此期间，它们会面临许多与清醒时相同的选择压力。因此，选择一个合适的睡眠地点可能会对健康产生重要影响。我们在巴拉圭东部拉古纳布兰卡牧场（RLB）的上巴拉那大西洋森林的一个小型退化片段中，研究了野生带帽卷尾猴（Sapajus cay）对睡眠地点的偏好。在为期5个月的野外观察中确定了睡眠树木和地点，并将它们的物理特征与非睡眠树木和地点的特征进行了比较。卷尾猴更喜欢较大的突出树木，这些树木有更多的主枝和叉枝，没有藤本植物，且其正下方的林下植被更茂密。这些树木位于更成熟的森林区域，那里小树较少，藤本植物覆盖较少，林下植被更茂密，但结果实的树木更多。睡眠地点的物种组成与非睡眠地点不同，主要由尼氏合欢（含羞草科）以及双翼豆（豆科）和南美相思树（豆科）主导。发现卷尾猴最常睡在这三种树种上：69.23%睡在尼氏合欢（含羞草科）上，11.54%睡在双翼豆（豆科）上，11.54%睡在南美相思树（豆科）上。我们发现了支持捕食者回避、体温调节、社交接触和觅食地点接近假说的证据。鉴于睡眠地点的重复使用，我们没有找到支持寄生虫回避假说的证据，尽管森林片段面积小可能对此有所限制。它们对老龄森林的偏好表明选择性采伐会影响带帽卷尾猴。然而，它们在受干扰片段中的持续存在表明它们具有高度适应性，这为保护和重新造林巴拉圭上巴拉那大西洋森林的小片段的价值提供了支持。
