Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, C1, Kyoto daigaku-Katsura, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan.
Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, C1, Kyoto daigaku-Katsura, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan.
Sci Total Environ. 2018 Jan 1;610-611:776-785. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.075. Epub 2017 Aug 18.
Biotransformation of fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs) in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) can release toxic intermediates and perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) to the aqueous environment. However, little information is known about the role of relevant microbial activity (i.e., autotrophs and/or heterotrophs) in biotransformation of FTOHs. Additionally, the dynamics of microbial community in sludge after exposure to FTOHs remain unclear. In the present research, using domestic and industrial WWTP sludge, we performed lab-scale batch experiments to characterize the FTOHs biodegradation property under aerobic condition. Both heterotrophs and the autotrophs were associated with FTOHs biotransformation. However, the microbial activity influenced PFCAs generation efficiency. Autotrophs based on ammonia oxidation (50mgN/L) resulted in more effective generation of PFCAs than heterotrophs based on glucose (200mgC/L) metabolism. Moreover, autotrophs generated more amounts of short-chain PFCAs (carbon number ≤7) than the heterotrophs. The ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) in ammonia oxidizing microorganisms (AOMs) are suggested as responsible for the enhanced generation of PFCAs during FTOHs biotransformation. In the sludge that had been exposed to poly- and perfluorinated alkyl substances in an industrial WWTP, Chlorobi was the predominant microorganisms (36.9%), followed by Proteobacteria (20.2%), Bacteroidetes (11.1%), Chloroflexi (6.2%), Crenarchaeota (5.6%), Planctomycetes (4.2%), and Acidobacteria (3.5%). In the present research, the dosed 8:2 FTOH (12.1mg/L) and its biotransformation products (intermediates and PFCAs) could force a shift in microbial community composition in the sludge. After 192h, Proteobacteria significantly increased and dominated. These results provide knowledge for comprehending the effects of microbial activity on FTOHs biodegradation and the information about interaction between microbial community and the exposure to FTOHs in activated sludge.
废水处理厂（WWTP）中氟调聚物醇（FTOHs）的生物转化会将有毒中间体和全氟羧酸（PFCAs）释放到水环境中。然而，对于相关微生物活性（即自养生物和/或异养生物）在 FTOHs 生物转化中的作用知之甚少。此外，FTOHs 暴露后污泥中微生物群落的动态变化尚不清楚。在本研究中，我们使用国内和工业 WWTP 污泥进行了实验室规模的批量实验，以研究好氧条件下 FTOHs 生物降解特性。异养生物和自养生物都与 FTOHs 的生物转化有关。然而，微生物活性会影响 PFCAs 的生成效率。基于氨氧化（50mgN/L）的自养生物比基于葡萄糖（200mgC/L）代谢的异养生物更有效地生成 PFCAs。此外，自养生物生成的短链 PFCAs（碳数≤7）的量多于异养生物。氨单加氧酶（AMO）在氨氧化微生物（AOM）中被认为是 FTOHs 生物转化过程中 PFCAs 生成增强的原因。在工业 WWTP 中接触多氟和全氟烷基物质的污泥中，Chlorobi 是主要的微生物（36.9%），其次是 Proteobacteria（20.2%）、Bacteroidetes（11.1%）、Chloroflexi（6.2%）、Crenarchaeota（5.6%）、Planctomycetes（4.2%）和 Acidobacteria（3.5%）。在本研究中，投加的 8:2 FTOH（12.1mg/L）及其生物转化产物（中间体和 PFCAs）会迫使污泥中微生物群落组成发生变化。192 小时后，Proteobacteria 显著增加并占主导地位。这些结果为理解微生物活性对 FTOHs 生物降解的影响以及微生物群落与 FTOHs 暴露之间的相互作用提供了知识。
