Li Xin, Elshahawy Abdelnaby M, Guan Cao, Wang John
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117574, Singapore.
Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, 117546, Singapore.
Small. 2017 Oct;13(39). doi: 10.1002/smll.201701530. Epub 2017 Aug 21.
Phosphorus compounds, such as metal phosphides and phosphates have shown excellent performances and great potential in electrochemical energy storage, which are demonstrated by research works published in recent years. Some of these metal phosphides and phosphates and their hybrids compare favorably with transition metal oxides/hydroxides, which have been studied extensively as a class of electrode materials for supercapacitor applications, where they have limitations in terms of electrical and ion conductivity and device stability. To be specific, metal phosphides have both metalloid characteristics and good electric conductivity. For metal phosphates, the open-framework structures with large channels and cavities endow them with good ion conductivity and charge storage capacity. In this review, we present the recent progress on metal phosphides and phosphates, by focusing on their advantages/disadvantages and potential applications as a new class of electrode materials in supercapacitors. The synthesis methods to prepare these metal phosphides/phosphates are looked into, together with the scientific insights involved, as they strongly affect the electrochemical energy storage performance. Particular attentions are paid to those hybrid-type materials, where strong synergistic effects exist. In the summary, the future perspectives and challenges for the metal phosphides, phosphates and hybrid-types are proposed and discussed.
磷化合物，如金属磷化物和磷酸盐，在电化学储能方面表现出优异的性能和巨大的潜力，近年来发表的研究成果证明了这一点。其中一些金属磷化物、磷酸盐及其混合物与过渡金属氧化物/氢氧化物相比具有优势，过渡金属氧化物/氢氧化物作为超级电容器应用的一类电极材料已被广泛研究，但在电导率和离子导电性以及器件稳定性方面存在局限性。具体而言，金属磷化物兼具类金属特性和良好的导电性。对于金属磷酸盐，具有大通道和空腔的开放框架结构赋予它们良好的离子导电性和电荷存储能力。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了金属磷化物和磷酸盐的最新进展，重点关注它们作为超级电容器中一类新型电极材料的优缺点和潜在应用。研究了制备这些金属磷化物/磷酸盐的合成方法以及其中涉及的科学见解，因为它们对电化学储能性能有很大影响。特别关注那些存在强协同效应的混合型材料。在总结中，提出并讨论了金属磷化物、磷酸盐和混合型材料的未来前景与挑战。
