Kelly Erin Clover, Gold Gregg J, Di Tommaso Joanna
Department of Forestry and Wildland Resources, Humboldt State University, 1 Harpst St., Arcata, CA, 95521, USA.
Department of Psychology, Humboldt State University, 1 Harpst St., Arcata, CA, 95521, USA.
Environ Manage. 2017 Nov;60(5):882-895. doi: 10.1007/s00267-017-0918-0. Epub 2017 Aug 23.
While non-industrial private forest landowners have a significant amount of forest landholdings in the US, they are underrepresented in the California cap-and-trade market forest offset program. Additional participation could benefit both the market and non-industrial private forest landowners. We developed a mail questionnaire which served as both a survey instrument and outreach tool about the market. Questions covered forest ownership objectives, landowners' future plans for forests, views of climate change, and attitudes and intentions regarding forest carbon offset project development. We sampled from five Northern California counties for a total of 143 usable surveys. Three different groups of landowners were identified based on their management objectives: amenity (including protecting nature and recreation); legacy (passing land to children and/or maintaining a farm or ranch); and income. Landowner objective groups differed on several key variables, particularly related to potential motivations for joining the market, while all landowners expressed concerns about protocol requirements. Regardless of ownership objectives, over half expressed that receiving revenue from their forests would be an important motivator to join, though most were unwilling to satisfy protocol requirements, even after learning of the potential benefits of program participation. Thus, participation appears to be limited by the costly and complex project development process, as well as a lack of landowner awareness. Extending these lessons, we assert that different landowners may approach payment for ecosystem services programs with different needs, awareness, and motivations, which provide important lessons for those who conduct landowner outreach and for PES program designers.
虽然非工业私有林地所有者在美国拥有大量林地，但他们在加利福尼亚州总量管制与交易市场的森林碳抵消计划中却未得到充分体现。更多的参与可能会使市场和非工业私有林地所有者都受益。我们设计了一份邮寄调查问卷，它既是一种调查工具，也是关于该市场的宣传工具。问题涵盖森林所有权目标、土地所有者对森林的未来规划、对气候变化的看法以及对森林碳抵消项目开发的态度和意向。我们从北加利福尼亚州的五个县进行抽样，共获得143份可用的调查问卷。根据他们的管理目标确定了三类不同的土地所有者群体：舒适性（包括保护自然和开展娱乐活动）；遗产传承（将土地传给子女和/或维持农场或牧场）；以及收入。土地所有者目标群体在几个关键变量上存在差异，特别是在加入市场的潜在动机方面，而所有土地所有者都对方案要求表示担忧。无论所有权目标如何，超过一半的人表示从森林中获得收入将是加入的一个重要动机，尽管大多数人即使在了解到参与该计划的潜在好处后，仍不愿意满足方案要求。因此，参与似乎受到成本高昂且复杂的项目开发过程以及土地所有者意识缺乏的限制。推广这些经验教训，我们断言不同的土地所有者在参与生态系统服务付费计划时可能有不同的需求、意识和动机，这为那些开展土地所有者宣传工作的人和生态系统服务付费计划设计者提供了重要的经验教训。
