Thakare R, Dasgupta A, Chopra S
Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.
Drugs Today (Barc). 2017 Jul;53(7):385-392. doi: 10.1358/dot.2017.53.7.2655240.
Diarrhea caused by Clostridium difficile is one of the major emerging threats to modern healthcare systems worldwide. Although C. difficile spores are present in the gut innocuously, because of repeated broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, the spores germinate with concomitant release of exotoxin A and B, resulting in mild to severe diarrhea. Antibiotic therapy is augmented by addition of the humanized antibodies actoxumab and bezlotoxumab to prevent the action of exotoxins A and B, respectively, since they provide passive immunity. Bezlotoxumab, a fully humanized monoclonal antibody developed against C. difficile toxin B, was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2016 to prevent the recurrence of C. difficile infections (CDI) in patients above 18 years of age who are receiving antibiotics for CDI and are at a higher risk of recurrence.
艰难梭菌引起的腹泻是全球现代医疗系统面临的主要新出现威胁之一。尽管艰难梭菌孢子在肠道中无害存在，但由于反复进行广谱抗生素治疗，孢子会发芽并同时释放外毒素A和B，导致轻度至重度腹泻。通过添加人源化抗体阿妥莫单抗和贝佐妥单抗来增强抗生素治疗，分别防止外毒素A和B的作用，因为它们提供被动免疫。贝佐妥单抗是一种针对艰难梭菌毒素B开发的全人源单克隆抗体，2016年被美国食品药品监督管理局批准用于预防18岁以上接受艰难梭菌感染（CDI）抗生素治疗且复发风险较高的患者的艰难梭菌感染复发。
