Halecki Wiktor, Klatka Sławomir
Department of Land Reclamation and Environmental Development, University of Agriculture, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
Department of Land Reclamation and Environmental Development, University of Agriculture, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2018 Jan;147:86-92. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.08.025. Epub 2017 Sep 14.
Suppression of plant growth is a common problem in post-mining reclaimed areas, as coarse texture of soils may increase nitrate leaching. Assessing feasibility of using solid waste (precipitated solid matter) produced by water and sewage treatment processes in field conditions is very important in mine soil reclamation. Our work investigated the possibility of plant growth in a degraded site covered with sewage-derived sludge material. A test area (21m × 18m) was established on a mine soil heap. Experimental plant species included Camelina sativa, Helianthus annuus, Festuca rubra, Miscanthus giganteus, Amaranthus cruentus, Brassica napus, Melilotus albus, Beta vulgaris, and Zea mays. ANOVA showed sufficient water content and acceptable physical properties of the soil in each year and layer in a multi-year period, indicating that these species were suitable for phytoremediation purposes. Results of trace elements assays indicated low degree of contamination caused by Carbocrash waste material and low potential ecological risk for all plant species. Detrended correspondence analysis revealed that total porosity and capillary porosity were the most important variables for the biosolids among all water content related properties. Overall, crop plants were found useful on heavily degraded land and the soil benefited from their presence. An addition of Carbocrash substrate to mine soil improved the initial stage of soil reclamation and accelerated plant growth. The use of this substrate in phytoremediation helped to balance the content of nutrients, promoted plant growth, and increased plant tolerance to salinity. Sewage sludge-amended biosolids may be applied directly to agricultural soil, not only in experimental conditions.
植物生长受抑制是采矿后复垦地区常见的问题，因为土壤质地粗糙可能会增加硝酸盐淋失。评估在现场条件下使用水和污水处理过程产生的固体废物（沉淀固体物质）的可行性，对矿山土壤复垦非常重要。我们的研究探讨了在覆盖有污水污泥材料的退化场地中植物生长的可能性。在一个矿山土堆上建立了一个试验区（21米×18米）。实验植物物种包括亚麻荠、向日葵、紫羊茅、巨芒草、苋菜、甘蓝型油菜、白花草木樨、甜菜和玉米。方差分析表明，在多年期间的每年和各土层中，土壤含水量充足且物理性质可接受，这表明这些物种适合用于植物修复目的。微量元素分析结果表明，Carbocrash废料造成的污染程度较低，所有植物物种的潜在生态风险也较低。去趋势对应分析表明，在所有与含水量相关的性质中，总孔隙度和毛管孔隙度是生物固体最重要的变量。总体而言，农作物在严重退化的土地上很有用，土壤也因它们的存在而受益。在矿山土壤中添加Carbocrash基质改善了土壤复垦的初始阶段并加速了植物生长。在植物修复中使用这种基质有助于平衡养分含量、促进植物生长并提高植物对盐分的耐受性。经污水污泥改良的生物固体不仅可在实验条件下，还可直接应用于农业土壤。
